常用命令 - 《Docker》

帮助命令
镜像命令
容器命令
常用其他命令

帮助命令

命令	描述
docker version	打印docker的基本信息
docker info	显示docker的详细信息，包括镜像和容器信息
docker —help	帮助命令

帮助文档地址

镜像命令

docker images

查看本机的镜像文件。如果不知道怎么用，可以用 docker images —help 命令。
下面是 docker images 命令输出的属性：

命令	描述
repository	镜像的仓库源
tag	镜像的标签
image id	镜像的ID
created	镜像的创建时间
size	镜像的大小

选项参数

选项	描述
-a, —all	显示所有镜像（如果没有这个参数，默认隐藏临时镜像）
-q, —quiet	仅列出镜像ID

docker search 搜索镜像

搜索mysql

C:\Users\27801>docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11079     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4197      [OK]

选项参数

选项	描述
—filter	过滤某些属性

比如说查找 STARS 超过4000的镜像文件，可以用命令 docker search mysql --filter=STARS=4000

docker pull 下载镜像

docker pull 镜像名[:tag]

比如docker pull mysql，下载mysql的镜像文件。如果不写tag，默认下载最新版本的镜像文件。docker pull mysql:5.7，下载5.7版本的mysql。

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi 容器名/容器ID

容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器。

docker run 启动

docker run [可选参数] 镜像名

选项参数

选项	描述
—name=”name”	容器名字（别名），tomcat1, tomcat2, 用以区分容器
-d	后台方式运行
-it	交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p	制定容器端口。-p 主机端口:容器端口
-P	随机制定容器端口

docker ps 列出运行中的容器

选项参数

选项	描述
-a	列出当前运行的容器+历史运行的容器
-n=?	显示最近运行的容器
-q	仅列出容器ID

退出容器

exit：退出容器并停止
Ctrl+P+Q：仅退出容器

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm 容器ID

启动和停止容器

把以前停止的容器重新启动

docker start 容器ID

停止容器

docker stop 容器ID

重启容器

docker restart 容器ID

强制停止容器

docker kill 容器ID

常用其他命令

查看日志

docker logs -t -f 容器ID

容器必须运行中，且有日志产生。

查看容器内部进程

docker top 容器ID

容器详细信息

docker inspect 容器ID

查看hello-world容器的信息

C:\Users\27801>docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
ab8499780ba7   hello-world   "/hello"   About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             tender_agnesi
C:\Users\27801>docker inspect ab8499780ba7
[
    {
        "Id": "ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640",
        "Created": "2021-07-03T01:43:17.0177871Z",
        "Path": "/hello",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-07-03T01:43:17.3805793Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-07-03T01:43:17.3802664Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640/ab8499780ba7cae764b0f5abb73e48caf3a98ad695d3c6494cd6e3d5e3d95640-json.log",
        "Name": "/tender_agnesi",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                30,
                120
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6e0516e33f9e4381907d394265515db0d0d82037bfd434f160c6bfad59b9735-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49f2ef518f5b1cf5a3fdd363eff91d1526ea977f4fe7e377c513e3b7eac96e61/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6e0516e33f9e4381907d394265515db0d0d82037bfd434f160c6bfad59b9735/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6e0516e33f9e4381907d394265515db0d0d82037bfd434f160c6bfad59b9735/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a6e0516e33f9e4381907d394265515db0d0d82037bfd434f160c6bfad59b9735/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "ab8499780ba7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/hello"
            ],
            "Image": "hello-world",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "eb4909ebd0550654c6b4f882a47a9539cae3aca49bdb112d26218e2c87e1b01a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/eb4909ebd055",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "687509dc5975469e6868d3af2a7946a391bf03da9bc2e1695601f6e06f07d7b5",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入容器

方式一

命令：

docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell

进入容器后，开启一个新的终端。

方式二

命令：

docker attach 容器ID

进入容器后，不会开启新的终端，只进入以前的终端。

拷贝容器文件到宿主机

docker cp 容器ID:容器内的路径 宿主机路径

进入容器创建一个文件，并退出容器。退出容器后，容器停止运行，但文件依然存在于容器内。

C:\Users\27801>docker attach 7e5f3bdd5fd6
[root@7e5f3bdd5fd6 /]# cd /home/
[root@7e5f3bdd5fd6 home]# touch Dj.java
[root@7e5f3bdd5fd6 home]# ls
Dj.java
[root@7e5f3bdd5fd6 home]# exit;
exit

拷贝文件到宿主机，宿主机的文件目录必须存在，否则会拷贝失败。
```
C:\Users\27801>docker cp 7e5f3bdd5fd6:/home/Dj.java D:/temp/
```
拷贝是一个手动过程，相当繁琐。后面会通过挂载卷的方式把容器内的文件同步到宿主机内。