mock就是测试过程中，对一些不容易获取的数据，创建一个虚拟的对象以便测试，这个虚拟的对象就是Mock对象。一般用于单元测试或自动化测试依赖第三方接口时应用。
Mock模块 - 图1

init

name

  1. mock对象的名称

    return_value

  2. mock对象被调用的返回值

    side_effect

  3. 覆盖return_value,当mock对象被调用时，返回该值，一般是异常返回或者是一个list/tuple ```python

    mock_test.py

import requests

def mock_request(url): return requests.get(url=url).status_code

def invoke_mock_request(url): return mock_request(url)

  1. ```python
  2. # test_mock_1.py
  4. import pytest
  5. from api_testcases.mock_test import invoke_mock_request, mock_request
  8. def test_mock_init(mocker):
  9.     """patch(target, new=DEFAULT, spec=None, create=False, spec_set=None, autospec=None, new_callable=None, **kwargs)
  10.         target:传入当前需要mock的方法（接口）,字符串格式
  11.         name:mock对象的名称
  12.         return_value:mock对象被调用的返回值
  13.         side_effect:覆盖return_value，当mock对象被调用时，返回该值，一般是异常返回或者是一个list/tuple
  14.         spec:设置mock对象的属性
  15.     """
  16.     init_mocker = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', name='test mocker init',
  17.                                return_vlaue=mock_request)
  18.     invoke_mock_request(URL)
  19.     init_mocker.assert_called()
  20.     side_effect_list = [200]
  21.     # 当side_effect被设置的时候，return_value就不起作用了，side_effect被设置为一个异常也可以被指定的参数的值是一个list或者tuple
  22.     side_effect_mocker = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', name='test mocker init',
  23.                                       return_vlaue=mock_request, side_effect=side_effect_list)
  24.     assert invoke_mock_request(URL) == side_effect_list[0]
  25.     side_effect_mocker.assert_called()
  29. if __name__ == "__main__":
  30.     pytest.main()
  32. """
  33. ============================= test session starts ==============================
  34. platform darwin -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
  35. rootdir: /Users/zaygee/pytest_test, configfile: pytest.ini
  36. plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.42, mock-3.6.1, xdist-2.2.1, forked-1.3.0
  37. collected 1 item
  39. test_mock_1.py::test_mock_init PASSED                                    [100%]
  41. ============================== 1 passed in 0.02s ===============================
  42. """

spec

  1. 设置mock对象的属性 ```python

    test_mock_1.py

import pytest

class Foo(object): _num = 10

def test_mocker_spec(mocker):

  1. # 指定属性list
  2. spec_list = ['_value', 'callFunc']
  3. mocker_spec = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', spec=spec_list)
  4. logger.info(mocker_spec._value)
  5. # 执行类属性
  6. mocker_class_spec = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', spec=Foo)
  7. logger.info(mocker_class_spec._num)

if name == “main“: pytest.main()

“”” ============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin — Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /Users/zaygee/pytest_test, configfile: pytest.ini plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.42, mock-3.6.1, xdist-2.2.1, forked-1.3.0 collected 1 item

test_mock_1.py::test_mocker_spec ———————————————— live log call ————————————————- 2021-08-29 22:47:02 INFO 2021-08-29 22:47:02 INFO PASSED [100%]

============================== 1 passed in 0.02s =============================== “””

  1. <a name="oGUkf"></a>
  2. ### 断言
  4. 1. **assert_called**：检查mock对象至少被调用一次
  5. 1. **assert_not_called**：检查mock对象没有被调用
  6. 1. **assert_called_once**：检查mock对象只被调用一次
  7. 1. **assert_called_with：**检查mock对象的参数是否正确
  8. 1. **assert_called_once_with**：检查mock对象只被调用一次
  9. 1. **assert_any_call**：检查mock对象在全局过程中是否调用了该方法
  10. ```python
  11. import pytest
  12. from api_testcases.mock_test import invoke_mock_request, mock_request
  13. from common import logger
  15. URL = 'https://docs.cypress.io/'
  18. def test_mock_request(mocker):
  19.     mocker_inst = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', return_value=mock_request, name='test mock')
  20.     assert invoke_mock_request(URL) == mocker_inst.return_value
  21.     # 断言至少被调用一次
  22.     mocker_inst.assert_called()
  23.     # 断言只被调用一次
  24.     mocker_inst.assert_called_once()
  25.     # 断言mock对象的参数是否正确
  26.     mocker_inst.assert_called_with(URL)
  27.     # 断言mock对象是否没有被调用
  28.     # mocker_inst.assert_not_called()
  29.     mocker_inst.assert_called_once_with(URL)
  30.     # 断言对象在全局过程中是否调用了该方法
  31.     mocker_inst.assert_any_call(URL)
  32.     logger.info(mocker_inst)
  35. if __name__ == "__main__":
  36.     pytest.main()
  38. """
  40. ============================= test session starts ==============================
  41. platform darwin -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
  42. rootdir: /Users/zaygee/pytest_test, configfile: pytest.ini
  43. plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.42, mock-3.6.1, xdist-2.2.1, forked-1.3.0
  44. collected 1 item
  46. test_mock_1.py::test_mock_request 
  47. -------------------------------- live log call ---------------------------------
  48. 2021-08-29 22:51:22 INFO <MagicMock name='test mock' id='140218070657296'>
  49. PASSED                                                                   [100%]
  51. ============================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===============================
  52. """
  1. # mock_test.py
  3. import requests
  6. def mock_request(url):
  7.     return requests.get(url=url).status_code
  10. def invoke_mock_request(url):
  11.     return mock_request(url)
  14. # test_mock_1.py
  16. import mock
  17. import pytest
  18. from mock import Mock
  19. from api_testcases.mock_test import invoke_mock_request, mock_request
  21. def test_mock_request():
  22.     with mock.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', return_value=200, side_effect=mock_request) as mock_foo:
  23.         assert invoke_mock_request(URL) == mock_foo.return_value
  26. @mock.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request', return_value=300)
  27. def test_mock_request1(mock_request):
  28.     assert invoke_mock_request(URL) == mock_request.return_value
  31. if __name__ == "__main__":
  32.     pytest.main()
  35. """
  37. ============================= test session starts ==============================
  38. platform darwin -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
  39. rootdir: /Users/zaygee/pytest_test, configfile: pytest.ini
  40. plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.42, mock-3.6.1, xdist-2.2.1, forked-1.3.0
  41. collected 2 items
  43. test_mock_1.py::test_mock_request PASSED                                 [ 50%]
  44. test_mock_1.py::test_mock_request1 PASSED                                [100%]
  46. ============================== 2 passed in 0.63s ===============================
  48. """

mock管理方法

  1. attach_mock：将一个mock对象添加到另一个mock对象中
  2. configure_mock：修改mock对象的return_value值 ```python import pytest from api_testcases.mock_test import invoke_mock_request, mock_request, TestMock1, TestMock2 from common import logger

def test_mock_management(mocker): mocker_attach_1 = mocker.patch(‘api_testcases.mock_test.TestMock1’) mocker_attach_2 = mocker.patch(‘api_testcases.mock_test.TestMock2’) logger.info(mocker_attach_1._value1) logger.info(mocker_attach_1.func1) logger.info(mocker_attach_2)

  1. # 调用attach_mock方法，将mocker_attach_2 添加到mocker_attach_1中，重命名为mock_attach
  2. mocker_attach_1.attach_mock(mocker_attach_2, 'mock_attach')
  3. logger.info(mocker_attach_1.func1)
  4. logger.info(mocker_attach_1.mock_attach.func2)
  6. #   configure_mock方法，修改mock对象的return_value值
  7. mocker_attach_3 = mocker.patch('api_testcases.mock_test.mock_request')
  8. mocker_attach_3.configure_mock(return_value=100)
  9. assert invoke_mock_request(URL) == 100

if name == “main“: pytest.main()

“”” ============================= test session starts ============================== platform darwin — Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: /Users/zaygee/pytest_test, configfile: pytest.ini plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.42, mock-3.6.1, xdist-2.2.1, forked-1.3.0 collected 1 item

test_mock_1.py::test_mock_management ———————————————— live log call ————————————————- 2021-08-29 23:00:40 INFO 2021-08-29 23:00:40 INFO 2021-08-29 23:00:40 INFO 2021-08-29 23:00:40 INFO 2021-08-29 23:00:40 INFO PASSED [100%]

============================== 1 passed in 0.01s =============================== “”” ```

  1. mock_add_spec：给mock对象添加新属性

  2. reset_mock：重置mock对象

    mock统计

  3. called:Boolean：跟踪mock对象任意调用的访问器

  4. call_count:Int：mock对象被调用的次数
  5. call_args:Tuple：获取最近调用使用的参数
  6. method_calls:List：测试mock对象的调用方法列表
  7. mock_calls:List：显示调用和方法调用
  8. call_args_list:List：获取最近调用使用的参数列表