Unit1 复盘
思维导图：
请大家对照中文，用英文复述一遍文章内容，利用上我们学过的话题词汇和高频词组，化输入为输出。
原文 Education Brought to BookA clampdown on cramming schools spooks exam-focused parents
Until children reach the age of about 15 in China, education is free. So why is it that more than half of a typical family’s spending goes on it? The answer is cramming classes: a financial burden so great that it is often said to discourage couples from having children at all. Now officials are trying to rein in the industry, in part, it appears, to relieve the pressure on people’s wallets. Parents are not sure it will work.
As many of them see it, cramming is not optional. Exams for entry to senior high schools are fiercely competitive. Then comes the dreaded gaokao: the university-entrance exam on which a child’s future hinges. But as the People’s Daily, an official newspaper, reported this month, the market for such services is plagued by “endless chaos”. It listed problems ranging from misleading advertising to high prices and the use of unqualified teachers.
Officials began warning months ago that they were preparing to issue regulations to impose order. This sent shivers through the industry. According to Bloomberg, several education firms suspended plans to list their shares. New Oriental, one of China’s biggest cramming companies, saw its share price on the New York Stock Exchange drop below $8, from a high of more than $19 in February. On June 9th the education ministry said a new government department would be set up to oversee such businesses, encompassing both online tuition and lessons in the classroom.
The industry’s growth has been rapid. One firm, Zuoyebang (“help with homework”) says it offers live-streaming classes to more than 170m active users each month. But officials fret about the social impact. They want couples to have more children—the birth rate is the lowest in decades and China is ageing fast. They also say that schoolchildren are overstressed. Urban pupils attend cramming classes for more than 10 hours a week, according to Deloitte, an accountancy firm. There is widespread speculation, including in state media, that the new rules will impose limits on when firms can offer tuition. They may, for example, prohibit classes after a certain time in the evening, during the summer holidays or at weekends.
Some analysts think the government may have another motive. Many of the companies are offshoots of China’s tech giants, including Alibaba and Tencent, which have come under regulatory scrutiny this year for dominating markets and expanding into finance and other areas. Targeting the cramming business could be another way of clipping their wings.
Parents wonder whether they will benefit. Some fret that the new rules will leave them with no choice but to use private tutors, which could prove even more costly. The resentful parent of a secondary-school pupil in Beijing blames the Communist Party: “It’s very simple. They just have to control everything, always.”
词汇总结-输入：看中文说英文
| 📘话题词汇 | |
|---|---|
| 对培训机构的打击 | the crackdown on cramming schools |
| 补习班 | cramming schools |
| 培训公司 | tutoring firms, cramming companies |
| 培训行业 | the after-school tutoring industry the tutoring industry |
| 课后辅导 | after-school tutoring |
| 缓解家长的经济压力 | relieve / ease the pressure on people’s wallets |
| 可怕的高考 | dreaded Gaokao |
| 虚假广告 | misleading / false advertising misleading / false advertisements |
| 天价学费 | high prices steep / sky-high tuition fees |
| 培训人员资质欠缺 | unqualified teachers |
| 出台法规 | issue regulations |
| 教育部 | the education ministry |
| 建立新的政府部门 | set up a new government department |
| 网络教学 | online tuition |
| 线下课程 | lessons in the classroom |
| 网络课程 | virtual classes |
| 直播课 | live-streaming classes |
| 活跃用户 | active users |
| 压力过大的孩子 | overstressed children |
| 城市里的学生 | urban pupils |
| 对…强加限制 | impose limits on sth |
| 出生率 | the birth rate |
| 股价 使…上市 上市公司 |
share prices list one’s shares listed companies |
| 官媒 | state media |
| 某国正快速老龄化 | sth is ageing fast. |
| 备考 | cram for sth |
| 向上流动社会阶层 | move up the social ladder |
| 在公司中升职 | move up the corporate / career ladder work one’s way up the corporate / career ladder |
| 参加考试 | sit for an exam / sit an exam |
| 顶尖学府 | a top-tier institution |
| 名牌大学 | famous universities prestigious universities well-known universities elite universities |
| 减少作业负担 | lessen the burden of homework |
| 公平的竞争环境 | a level playing field |
| 利用父母焦虑 | exploit parental paranoia |
| 加强打击… | intensify a clampdown on sth |
| 繁重的课业量 | onerous workloads |
| 出台新规 | publish new regulations |
| 培养兴趣 | cultivate interests |
| 培养创新能力 | cultivate innovation |
| 培养实践能力 | cultivate practical abilities |
| 裁员 | cut staff |
| 提供税收优惠 | offer tax breaks |
| 更好的教育资源 | better education resources |
| 📘高频词组 | |
|---|---|
| 对…的打击 | the crackdown on sth the clampdown on sth |
| 政府打击… | crack down on sth / clamp down on sth |
| 劝阻某人做某事 | discourage sb from doing sth dissuade sb from doing sth stop sb from doing sth |
| 控制，约束 | rein in sth 👈 control sth |
| 部分，在某种程度上 | in part / partly |
| 某事物竞争激烈 | sth is fiercely competitive. sth is hyper-competitive. |
| 某人面临激烈的竞争 | sb faces fierce / cut-throat / crushing competition. |
| A取决于B | A hinges on B👈A depends on B |
| 减轻某人的压力 | relieve / ease / alleviate the pressure on sb |
| 让人不寒而栗 | send shivers down one’s spine |
| 对…表示担心 | fret about sth / fret over sth / fret that… 👈 worry about sth |
| 人们普遍猜测… | There is widespread speculation that… |
| 社会影响 | the social impact |
| 面临…问题，受…困扰 | be plagued by / with sth be afflicted by / with sth be beset by / with sth be stricken by / with sth be blighted by sth be racked by / with sth suffer from sth |
| 预计会… | be expected to do sth |
| 让某人有优势 | give sb an edge |
| 错过 | miss out on sth |
| 加剧问题 | exacerbate problems |
| 介入做某事 | step in to do sth |
| 大量的，过多的… | a plethora of sth |
| 另一方面 | on the flip side |
| 遵守 | comply with sth |
| 投入大量的钱进入… | invest heavily in sth, pour￥ into sth |
| 某事物的原因之一 | be a contributor to sth |
词汇总结-输入：看英文说中文
| 📘 精读① | 📘 精读② |
|---|---|
| clampdown crackdown cram spook, spooky exam-focused spending typical discourage rein work (v.) optional entry fierce cut-throat crushing dreaded dread dreadful hinge on sth plague chaos chaotic unqualified |
issue (v.) impose sth on sth shiver spine suspend suspension drop high (n.) oversee oversight encompass age (v.) overstressed stress speculation speculate prohibit prohibition |
|
| 📘 精读③ | 📘 精听 |
|---|---|
| analyst analyze/analyse analysis motive motivate motivation offshoot giant scrutiny scrutinize regulatory regulator dominate target benefit prove costly resent resentful |
session sweeping redundant downsize hyper-competitive decimate administrator conquer measure (n.) reel |
|
| 📘 泛读 | 📘 泛读 |
|---|---|
| administer thereby level (v. / adj.) institution tier edge ironically entreaty drive flourish supplement explode double regulator exploit paranoia campaign funnel mind-numbing virtual exuberance alarm empower exacerbate disorderly intensify agency plow / plough sth into sth subject sb to sth reel from sth |
onerous |
peer-to-peer
licensed
defuse
perceive
grip
cite
up to sth
hijack
publish
among other things
syllabus
prime
outright
acquisition
acquire
rectify
a plethora of sth
cap (n.)
charge (v.)
fine (n./ v.)
startup
comply with sth
pour sth into sth
halt
back (v.)
bellwether
make money off (of) sth
make money out of sth
cut back on sth |
Uni1 回译
什么是回译？回译是指把原汁原味的英文译为中文，再从中文译回英文，通过对比自己和原文的差距，进行学习。
通过回译练习，我们可以更直观地感受到中英文语言表达和思维方式的不同，你自然就会留意词组搭配、动词时态、句式结构、句间衔接等等各个方面的问题，思考为什么这里要这么用，比我自己写的好在哪里。下次写作的时候，就能把原文的表达化为己用，写出更加地道灵活的句子。
第1单元，我们来练习3句话。请大家按照以下步骤学习：
1.将下面3句话翻译成英文，努力回忆我们讲过的地道表达。
2.检查自己是否有语法错误。
3.对比原句，订正错误，学习解析。
4.选出一个句子，进行仿写。
1.校外培训行业存在虚假广告、天价学费和培训人员资质欠缺等一系列问题。 0522the cramming industry is plagued by a host of problems, ranging from misleading advertising to high prices and the use of unqualifies teachers.
2.中国最大的教培机构新东方在纽交所的股价从2月份超过19美元的高点跌至不到8美元。
（提示： the New York Stock Exchange 纽交所 ）
0522N O, one of China’s biggest cramming companies, saw its stock price on the New york Stock Exchange drop below 8 from a high of 19$ in Feb.
3.家长们不知道自己是否会从中受益。一些人担心新规会让他们别无选择，只能请家教，那样可能更费钱。 0522Parents are not sure if they will benefit. Some fret that new rules will leave them with no choice, but to use private tutors, which could prove even more costly.
4.在2020年新冠疫情期间，由于人们比以往都更加与世隔绝，日本自杀率11年以来首次出现上升。During covid-19, Japanese are more socially iosalted than before, resulting in a rise in suicide rates for the 1st time in 11 years.
答案：
1.校外培训行业存在虚假广告、天价学费和培训人员资质欠缺等一系列问题。
The after-school tutoring industry is plagued with a host of problems, ranging from misleading advertising to high prices and the use of unqualified teachers.
2.中国最大的教培机构新东方在纽交所的股价从2月份超过19美元的高点跌至不到8美元。
New Oriental, one of China’s biggest cramming companies, saw its share price on the New York Stock Exchange drop below $8, from a high of more than $19 in February.
3.家长们不知道自己是否会从中受益。一些人担心新规会让他们别无选择，只能请家教，那样可能更费钱。
Parents wonder whether they will benefit. Some fret that the new rules will leave them with no choice but to use private tutors, which could prove even more costly.
4.在2020年新冠疫情期间，由于人们比以往都更加与世隔绝，日本自杀率11年以来首次出现上升。
During the Covid-19, with people more socially isolated than ever, Japan saw a rise in suicides for the first time in 11 years.
Unit1 精读3
话题词汇
| 📘话题词汇 | |
|---|---|
| 遭到监管审查 | come under regulatory scrutiny |
| 针对… | target sb |
| 请私人辅导 | use private tutors |
| 中学学生 | secondary-school pupils |
| 科技巨头 | tech giants |
| 垄断市场 | dominate markets |
请大家朗读并背诵下面的句子：
| ①Many of the companies are offshoots of China’s tech giants, including Alibaba and Tencent, which have come under regulatory scrutiny this year for dominating markets and expanding into finance and other areas. 许多教培机构都是中国科技巨头的分支，如阿里和腾讯。今年，阿里和腾讯因主导市场和进军金融等其他领域而受到监管机构的审查。 ②Targeting the cramming business could be another way of clipping their wings. 打击校外培训可能是另一种限制方式。 ③Some fret that the new rules will leave them with no choice but to use private tutors, which could prove even more costly. 一些人担心新规会让他们别无选择，只能请家教，那样可能更费钱。 |
|---|
Unit1 精读2
话题词汇
| 📘话题词汇 | |
|---|---|
| 出台法规 | issue regulations |
| 培训公司 | education firms, cramming companies |
| 教育部 | the education ministry |
| 建立新的政府部门 | set up a new government department |
| 监管 | oversee |
| 网络教学 | online tuition |
| 线下课程 | lessons in the classroom |
| 直播课 | live-streaming classes |
| 活跃用户 | active users |
| 压力过大的孩子 | overstressed children |
| 城市里的学生 | urban pupils |
| 强加限制于… | impose limits on sth |
| 出生率 | the birth rate |
| 股价 使…上市 上市公司 |
share prices list one’s shares listed companies |
| 官媒 | state media |
| 某国正快速老龄化 | sth is ageing fast. |
| 📘高频词组 | |
|---|---|
| 让人不寒而栗 | send shivers down one’s spine |
| 对…表示担心 | fret about sth / fret over sth / fret that… |
| 人们普遍猜测… | There is wide speculation that… |
| 社会影响 | the social impact |
请大家朗读并背诵下面的句子：
| ①On June 9th the education ministry said a new government department would be set up to oversee such businesses, encompassing both online tuition and lessons in the classroom.
6月9日，教育部表示将成立一个新的政府部门，专门监督教培业务，包括在线教学和线下教学。
②But officials fret about the social impact. They want couples to have more children — the birth rate is the lowest in decades and China is ageing fast.
但官员担心其社会影响。他们希望夫妇多生孩子，因为目前中国的出生率是几十年来的最低点，而且正在快速老龄化。
③There is widespread speculation, including in state media, that the new rules will impose limits on when firms can offer tuition. They may, for example, prohibit classes after a certain time in the evening, during the summer holidays or at weekends.
国家媒体和大众普遍猜测，新规将对机构开班的时间进行限制。例如，晚上某一时间后、暑假期间或周末禁止补习。
④New Oriental, one of China’s biggest cramming companies, saw its share price on the New York Stock Exchange drop below $8, from a high of more than $19 in February.
中国最大的教培机构新东方在纽交所的股价从2月份超过19美元的高点跌至不到8美元。 |
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Unit1 精读1
话题词汇
| 📘话题词汇 | |
|---|---|
| 对培训机构的打击 | the crackdown on cramming schools |
| 补习班 | cramming schools |
| 缓解家长的经济压力 | relieve / ease the pressure on people’s wallets |
| 可怕的高考 | dreaded Gaokao |
| 虚假广告 | misleading advertising |
| 天价学费 | high prices |
| 培训人员资质欠缺 | unqualified teachers |
| 📘高频词组 | |
|---|---|
| 备考 | cram for sth |
| 打击 | the crackdown on sth the clampdown on sth |
| 劝阻某人做某事 | discourage sb from doing sth dissuade sb from doing sth |
| 控制，约束 | rein in sth |
| 在某种程度上 | in part / partly |
| 某事物竞争激烈 | sth is fiercely competitive. |
| 面临激烈的竞争 | sb faces fierce / cut-throat / crushing competition. |
| A取决于B | A hinges on B |
| 受…困扰，面临…问题 | be plagued with / by sth be afflicted with / by B A suffers from B |
| 📘语法点 | |
|---|---|
| 形容词作后置定语 so…that…引导的结果状语从句 as引导的方式状语从句 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 完全倒装句 |
请大家朗读并背诵下面的句子：
| ①As many of them see it, cramming is not optional. Exams for entry to senior high schools are fiercely competitive. Then comes the dreaded gaokao: the university-entrance exam on which a child’s future hinges.
在许多家长看来，校外培训是必不可少的。中考竞争非常激烈。接下来便是可怕的高考：关系孩子未来的大学入学考试。
②Some teenagers believe they face crushing competition, not only from their peers but from foreigners and robots.
一些青少年认为自己面临严酷的竞争：他们不止要迎战同龄人，还有外国人和机器人。
③ Now officials are trying to rein in the industry, in part, it appears, to relieve the pressure on people’s wallets.
现在官方正试图管控教培行业，似乎部分是为了减轻人们经济上的压力。
④It listed problems ranging from misleading advertising to high prices and the use of unqualified teachers.
报道中提到了虚假广告、天价学费和培训人员资质欠缺等一系列问题。
⑤Competition for graduate jobs had already grown fierce in recent years, particularly for the most prestigious positions. Now it is cut-throat.
近年毕业生的就业竞争本已变得非常激烈，尤其是围绕那些知名公司的职位。如今竞争已呈白热化。 |
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Brought to book
- bring sth to book 是一个习语，指「将…绳之以法，将某人依法治罪」(to punish someone for breaking laws or rules, especially when you have been trying to punish them for a long time)。联系全文，我们不难猜到，这里「被绳之以法」的便是校外培训机构：Cramming schools are brought to book.
- 关于book还有一个地道词组，大家顺便背过：
- by the book 按照书上写的来，表示「循规蹈矩；严格遵守章法」(following rules and instructions in a very strict way)。
A clampdown on cramming schools spooks exam-focused parents
- clampdown [‘klæmp.daʊn] 为可数名词，表示「严厉打击，严禁，制止」(sudden action that is taken in order to stop an illegal activity)。介词搭配为：a clampdown on /upon sth 指「对…的打击」。
- 它还有一个姐妹叫：crackdown，同样表示「严厉打击」。这里也可改写为：a crackdown on cramming schools
- 它们对应的动词短语分别是：crack down on sth和clamp down on sth，表示「严厉打击」。这也是外刊里极高频的词汇。我们在作文里谈及政府措施时，便能用上这两个短语。我们来看两个例子：
- 彭博社一篇关于打击校外培训机构的文章，标题就用到了crack down on sth：
Why China Is Cracking Down Now on After-School Tutors - exam-focused 指「关注考试的，以考试为中心的」。exam-focused parents 便指那些密切关心考试成绩的父母。我们平时说的「应试教育」，也可翻译为the exam-focused education system。
- 类似的词汇还有：exam-obsessed / exam-crazed「痴迷于考试的」，都可以用来形容中国的教育现状。
我们在第2季里也讲过这两个词，带大家回顾两个例子：
- In exam-obsessed China, educators have long struggled with the problem of overworked schoolchildren. 在痴迷于考试的中国，教育工作者们长期以来一直试图解决中小学生过度劳累的问题。
- The combination of an exam-crazed culture with the rapid spread of smartphones and computer-game technology explains much of China’s problem.疯狂的考试文化，加上智能手机和电脑游戏技术的迅速普及，是中国近视高发的主要原因。
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