再举个例子:Women’s work in the home tends to be both unpaid and unacknowledged.女性在家中的付出往往既无酬劳,又得不 到承认。
第二,以绿色转型为驱动,助力全球可持续发展。 Second, we shall let green transition drive our efforts to facilitate global sustainable development.
And yet, while the world rolls up a sleeve, it has become clear that expecting vaccines to see off covid-19 is mistaken.然而,即使世界已蓄势待发,期望疫苗能消灭新冠病毒这一想法却显然是错误的。
Others focused on economics, arguing that the breakdown of traditional gender roles would undermine the division-oflabor benefits of marriage, rendering the arrangement less sensible and less appealing.
其他分析者则侧重于经济因素,认为传统性别角色的瓦解会削弱婚姻中性别分工带来的效益,导致婚姻的合理性和吸引力下降。
She turned out to be an organizer par excellence.结果表明她是一个非常出色的组织者。
《经济学人》一篇关于外来昆虫的文章有这样一句话:It displaced millions, ruined local economies and forced scientists, politicians and ordinary folk into a frenzy of defensive activity.它让数百万人流离失所,对当地经济造成破坏,还迫使科
学家、政治家和普通民众陷入疯狂的防御活动。
leave / make one’s mark on sb / sth mark作名词有「污点」的意思,污点往往难以擦去,短语leave a mark on sb/sth 便指 「将污点留在…上」,引申为「留下久远的影响」(to affect someone or something so that they change in a permanent or very noticeable way) 比如:Growing up during the war had left its mark on her.战争中的成长经历在她身上留下了烙印。 我们来联系时事热点造两个句子: 新冠肺炎会给世界经济带来深远的影响。
The novel coronavirus will leave a mark on the global economy. 这次经历带给我了长期影响。 The experience had left its mark on me.
这是一个很形象生动的表达,用起来又非常简单,大家可以用在自己的作文里。[写作推荐]
比如《经济学人》提到深圳时说道:Shenzhen has become a global synonym for business creation, but there is reason to wonder how much longer it will remain so.深圳在世界上已经是“创业”的代名词,但是我们有理由怀疑这个现象还能持续多久。
be synonymous with sth 表示「等同于…」,也可表示「是…的代名词」。比如: Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with happiness. 财富未必等同于幸福。
举个例子,当你分析完某事物的利与弊之后,结尾段就可以再重申一遍自己的观点: In conclusion, it seems to me that the potential dangers of video games are more significant than the possible benefits.[写作推荐]
have long done sth 表示「长期以来…」。这是一个外刊里非常高频的表达,我们再来几个例子:
In exam-obsessed China, educators have long struggled with the problem of overworked schoolchildren. 在痴迷于考试的中国, 教育工作者们长期以来一直试图解决中小学生过度劳累的问题。
(long作adv. 表长期地)
再比如《彭博社周刊》一篇关于《鱿鱼游戏》的文章有这样一段话: South Korea has long been known for its manufacturing prowess, but the Netflix hit ‘Squid Game’ is taking the country’s cultural clout to another level that augurs well for a new driver of economic growth.
韩国向来以卓越的制造业著称,但网飞热剧《鱿鱼游戏》进一步加强了韩国的文化影响力,经济增长或将迎来新动力。[写作推荐]
satirically [sə’tirikli] 为副词,指「讥讽地,嘲讽地」,同源形容词为satirical
satire [ˈsaetaɪər] 为名词,指「讽刺,讥讽」(a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or play which uses this style)。
近义词还有mockery, irony, ridicule, scorn等等。
《纽约时报》一篇关于Papi酱的文章就用到了这个词:In less than a year, her business partners say, she has accumulated 44 million followers, across multiple platforms, with her satirical videos. Papi酱的商业伙伴称,她凭借自己的讽刺视频,一年不到,就在多个平台收获了4400多万粉丝。
satirical的近义词还有ironic, sarcastic, sardonic, scornful, ridiculing等等,大家打包一起记忆,混个眼熟。
take the opposite stance 指「持相反的观点」。这个词组大家直接背诵,可用来引出相反的观点。
《大西洋月刊》一篇谈论离婚的文章里也出现了这个词:Poorer, less-educated Americans, especially those without a high-school degree, have exhibited the opposite trend. 然而,在较为贫穷、受教育程度较低,尤其是高中学历以下的美国人中,情况截然不
同。
短语quite / just the opposite表示「恰恰相反」,
近义词还有quite / just the reverse, on the contrary, quite the contrary 等等。 这些词都可以用来表示上下文的转折。在阅读时,这些词往往是新观点、新信息出现的标志。
oppose 为动词,oppose sth 指「强烈反对某事,阻碍某事」。
短语 be opposed to sth 也可表示「强烈反对某事」。
举个例子:我父亲反对我们的婚事:
My father was opposed to our marriage.
My father opposed our marriage.
as opposed to sth 指「与…相反,而非…」,这是一个很高频的词组
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于电子书的文章有这样一句话:Authors who self publish an e-book through Amazon get up to 70% of net sales, as opposed to the 25% they might get on an e-book that went through a publisher.通过亚马逊自己出版电子书的作者最 多能拿到销售净额的70%,而通过出版商出版电子书只可能拿到25%。
以后想表达rather than sth,instead of sth,就可以考虑考虑能不能用as opposed to sth替换。
再举个简单的例子: 我更愿意5月份去,而不是9月份。
I’d prefer to go in May, rather than September.
👉 I’d prefer to go in May, as opposed to September. [写作推荐]
stance 指公开表明的「观点,立场,看法」。 表示「某人持有…立场」时,我们可以用短语:take / adopt a stance。 我们来看一个例子,
《经济学人》一篇关于硅谷种族问题的文章里有这样一句话:Pushed by a left-leaning workforce, big tech now regularly takes an activist stance on important issues, from immigration to the pandemic. 在左倾劳动力的推动下,从移民问题到疫情,大型科技公司现在经常会在重要问题上采取积极的立场。
顺便跟大家讲一讲Babel这个词,中文一般翻译为「巴别塔」或「通天塔」,它和翻译有着千丝万缕的联系。在西方社会,人们认 为翻译之出现,其重要原因在于人类的巴别塔情结。 《圣经•旧约•创世记》里这样一个故事:在大洪水中幸存下来的人们都讲着一样的语言。人们在繁衍生息的同时不停地迁徙流浪,
终于有一天他们在一片平原定居了下来。他们商量着要建造一座通往天堂的塔。因为大家都说着同样的语言,彼此之间又互相坦诚,同心协力,高塔就这样一天比一天高耸了。可这样的行为冒犯到了上帝,为了阻止人类的计划,上帝就让人类说起了不同的语 言,这样,人们就不能沟通了,通天塔的计划也因此失败,人类自此各散东西。 自此,统一语言、达到沟通无障碍,成为了人类的一个夙愿。而翻译就是达到沟通无障碍的一种途径,因此翻译也被有些人称为
「巴别塔的艺术」。
be responsible for sth 本来是「对…负有责任」的意思,A is responsible for B A对B负有责任,可引申为「A是B的原因,A导 致B」,相当于我们熟悉的lead to sth,give rise to sth。
be responsible for sth 后面还常跟百分比,表示「对百分之…负责」。
举个例子: 因患肺癌而死亡者,约90%是吸烟所致:
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
我们在第2季一篇关于科技文章也用到了这个词: Yet it is reasonable to hope that a fresh wave of innovation might soon reverse the fall in economic dynamism which is responsible for perhaps a fifth of the 21st century’s growth slowdown. 不过,我们有理由期盼,新一轮的创新浪潮很快将扭转经济活力下降的局面。21世纪的增长放缓或许有五分之一都可归咎于活力减退。 [写作推荐]
cite
我们在第1单元的泛读文章里也遇见过这个表达: In addition, many cite the cost and competition for better education resources as a contributor to China’s declining birthrate. 另外,很多人认为获得更优质教育资源的成本和竞争也导致了中国生育率下降。 这句话的cite就是用于引出原因:the cost and competition for better education resources 再来看一个例子,《华盛顿邮报》一篇关于三孩政策文章有这样一句话: Many couples cite the high cost of raising a child without an adequate social safety net as a deterrent to having an additional child.
许多夫妻认为养孩子的巨大花费且没有完善的社会保障阻碍了他们再要一个孩子。[写作推荐]
关于exception还有两个高频表达: 1. make an exception 指「破例,允许有例外」。
without exception 即「无一例外」。
with the exception of sth 指「除…之外;不包括…在内」
- sth / sb is no exception 指「…也不例外」。 比如《纽约时报》曾经这样评价奥巴马的自传: Presidential memoirs are meant to inform, to burnish reputations and, to a certain extent, to shape the course of history, and Obama’s is no exception.
总统回忆录的用处是提供信息,烘托声誉,在某种程度上还可以塑造历史的进程,奥巴马的回忆录也不例外。
endeavour 还可作动词,endeavour to do sth 表示「尽力、奋力做某事」,相当于try very hard to do sth。 想起来《傲慢与偏见》里的一句话:But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavour to conceal it, he must find it out.
假如一个女人爱上了一个男人,只要女方不故意瞒住男方,男方一定会看得出的。 [写作推荐]
比如《卫报》一篇文章中谈到新冠疫情时提到:With the economy already profoundly disrupted by the pandemic, business and unions are attempting to recalibrate industrial arrangements. 由于经济已经受到大流行病的严重破坏,企业和工会正试图重新调整
工业安排。
惯用搭配为an attempt to do sth, an attempt at doing sth。
我们在第1单元的泛读里也遇见过这个词: Instead, the government’s latest attempt to reverse the trend of declining fertility was met with cynicism and indignation.政府试图扭转生育率不断下降的趋势,公众却是愤世嫉俗,忿忿不平,许多人回应道:“哪有钱 生三胎啊?”
短语in an attempt to do sth表示「为了…」,可以用于引出目的,替换我们熟悉的in order to do sth。(in a bid to)
我们来看一个例子,《纽约时报》一篇关于人口老龄化的文章有这样一句话: China said last month that it would “gradually delay the legal retirement age” over the next five years, in an attempt to address one of the country’s most pressing issues.中国上月表示,将在未来五年内“逐步延迟法定退休年龄”,试图解决中国最紧迫的问题 之一。 [写作推荐] make an attempt to do sth 表示「尝试做某事」,相当于make an effort to do sth以及我们上面讲到的attempt to do sth,其反义
表达为make no attempt to do sth。