方法一：threading.Thread

1.1 原理

Python多线程编程(一）：threading 模块 Thread 类的用法详解
https://blog.csdn.net/briblue/article/details/85101144

1.2 代码

  1. import threading
  2. import time
  4. exitFlag = 0
  7. class myThread(threading.Thread):
  8.     def __init__(self, threadID, name, delay):
  9.         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
  10.         self.threadID = threadID
  11.         self.name = name
  12.         self.delay = delay
  14.     def run(self):
  15.         print("开始线程：" + self.name)
  16.         print_time(self.name, self.delay, 5)
  17.         print("退出线程：" + self.name)
  20. def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
  21.     while counter:
  22.         if exitFlag:
  23.             threadName.exit()
  24.         time.sleep(delay)
  25.         print("%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
  26.         counter -= 1
  29. # 创建新线程
  30. thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
  31. thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)
  33. # 开启新线程
  34. thread1.start()
  35. thread2.start()
  36. thread1.join()
  37. thread2.join()
  38. print("退出主线程")

1.3 输出：

  1. 开始线程：Thread-1
  2. 开始线程：Thread-2
  3. Thread-1: Tue Feb  8 21:22:51 2022
  4. Thread-2: Tue Feb  8 21:22:52 2022
  5. Thread-1: Tue Feb  8 21:22:52 2022
  6. Thread-1: Tue Feb  8 21:22:53 2022
  7. Thread-2: Tue Feb  8 21:22:54 2022
  8. Thread-1: Tue Feb  8 21:22:54 2022
  9. Thread-1: Tue Feb  8 21:22:55 2022

方法二：multiprocessing.dummy

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2.1 参考资料

一行 Python 代码实现并行
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/akNhoFW4rF3g1OecGprGjQ

2.2 代码

  1. import urllib.request
  2. from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
  4. from functools import wraps
  5. import time
  8. def func_timer(function):
  9.     '''
  10.     用装饰器实现函数计时
  11.     :param function: 需要计时的函数
  12.     :return: None
  13.     '''
  15.     @wraps(function)
  16.     def function_timer(*args, **kwargs):
  17.         t0 = time.time()
  18.         result = function(*args, **kwargs)
  19.         t1 = time.time()
  20.         print('[Function: {name} finished, spent time: {time:.2f}s]'.format(name=function.__name__, time=t1 - t0))
  21.         return result
  23.     return function_timer
  26. urls = [
  27.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  28.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  29.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  30.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  31.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  32.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  33.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  34.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  35.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  36.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  37.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  38.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  39.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  40.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  41.     'https://www.baidu.com',
  43.     # etc..
  44. ]
  47. @func_timer
  48. def singleThread():
  49.     results = []
  50.     for url in urls:
  51.         result = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
  52.         results.append(result)
  53.     print('Thread-single')
  56. @func_timer
  57. def pool(n):
  58.     pool = ThreadPool(n)
  59.     # Open the urls in their own threads
  60.     # and return the results
  61.     results = pool.map(urllib.request.urlopen, urls)
  62.     print('Thread-%s' % str(n))
  65. if __name__ == '__main__':
  66.     singleThread()
  67.     pool(4)
  68.     pool(8)
  69.     pool(12)

2.3 输出

  1. Thread-single
  2. [Function: singleThread finished, spent time: 1.80s]
  3. Thread-4
  4. [Function: pool finished, spent time: 0.57s]
  5. Thread-8
  6. [Function: pool finished, spent time: 0.27s]
  7. Thread-12
  8. [Function: pool finished, spent time: 0.24s]