运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
1 加号运算符重载
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
class Person {public:Person() {};Person(int a, int b){this->m_A = a;this->m_B = b;}//成员函数实现 + 号运算符重载Person operator+(const Person& p) {Person temp;temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;return temp;}public:int m_A;int m_B;};//全局函数实现 + 号运算符重载//Person operator+(const Person& p1, const Person& p2) {// Person temp(0, 0);// temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;// temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;// return temp;//}//运算符重载 可以发生函数重载Person operator+(const Person& p2, int val){Person temp;temp.m_A = p2.m_A + val;temp.m_B = p2.m_B + val;return temp;}void test() {Person p1(10, 10);Person p2(20, 20);//成员函数方式Person p3 = p2 + p1; //相当于 p2.operaor+(p1)cout << "mA:" << p3.m_A << " mB:" << p3.m_B << endl;Person p4 = p3 + 10; //相当于 operator+(p3,10)cout << "mA:" << p4.m_A << " mB:" << p4.m_B << endl;}int main() {test();system("pause");return 0;}
总结1:对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2:不要滥用运算符重载
2 左移运算符重载
作用:可以输出自定义数据类型
class Person {friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);public:Person(int a, int b){this->m_A = a;this->m_B = b;}//成员函数 实现不了 p << cout 不是我们想要的效果//void operator<<(Person& p){//}private:int m_A;int m_B;};//全局函数实现左移重载//ostream对象只能有一个ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) {out << "a:" << p.m_A << " b:" << p.m_B;return out;}void test() {Person p1(10, 20);cout << p1 << "hello world" << endl; //链式编程}int main() {test();system("pause");return 0;}
总结:重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型
3 递增运算符重载
作用: 通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
class MyInteger {friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint);public:MyInteger() {m_Num = 0;}//前置++MyInteger& operator++() {//先++m_Num++;//再返回return *this;}//后置++MyInteger operator++(int) {//先返回MyInteger temp = *this; //记录当前本身的值,然后让本身的值加1,但是返回的是以前的值,达到先返回后++;m_Num++;return temp;}private:int m_Num;};ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint) {out << myint.m_Num;return out;}//前置++ 先++ 再返回void test01() {MyInteger myInt;cout << ++myInt << endl;cout << myInt << endl;}//后置++ 先返回 再++void test02() {MyInteger myInt;cout << myInt++ << endl;cout << myInt << endl;}int main() {test01();//test02();system("pause");return 0;}
总结: 前置递增返回引用,后置递增返回值
4 赋值运算符重载
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
- 默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
- 赋值运算符 operator=, 对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
示例:
class Person{public:Person(int age){//将年龄数据开辟到堆区m_Age = new int(age);}//重载赋值运算符Person& operator=(Person &p){if (m_Age != NULL){delete m_Age;m_Age = NULL;}//编译器提供的代码是浅拷贝//m_Age = p.m_Age;//提供深拷贝 解决浅拷贝的问题m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);//返回自身return *this;}~Person(){if (m_Age != NULL){delete m_Age;m_Age = NULL;}}//年龄的指针int *m_Age;};void test01(){Person p1(18);Person p2(20);Person p3(30);p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值操作cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;}int main() {test01();//int a = 10;//int b = 20;//int c = 30;//c = b = a;//cout << "a = " << a << endl;//cout << "b = " << b << endl;//cout << "c = " << c << endl;system("pause");return 0;}
5 关系运算符重载
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
示例:
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
this->m_Name = name;
this->m_Age = age;
};
bool operator==(Person & p)
{
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool operator!=(Person & p)
{
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
//int a = 0;
//int b = 0;
Person a("孙悟空", 18);
Person b("孙悟空", 18);
if (a == b)
{
cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
}
if (a != b)
{
cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
}
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6 函数调用运算符重载
- 函数调用运算符 () 也可以重载
- 由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
- 仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
示例:
class MyPrint
{
public:
void operator()(string text)
{
cout << text << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//重载的()操作符 也称为仿函数
MyPrint myFunc;
myFunc("hello world");
}
class MyAdd
{
public:
int operator()(int v1, int v2)
{
return v1 + v2;
}
};
void test02()
{
MyAdd add;
int ret = add(10, 10);
cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;
//匿名对象调用
cout << "MyAdd()(100,100) = " << MyAdd()(100, 100) << endl;
}
int main() {
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
