Turnitin作为国际上最权威的英文论文查重系统，海量的数据库包含出版社文稿、互联网资源以及学生论文资源。它会把各位同学提交的论文和数以亿计的文章(包括其他同学提交的文章)进行匹配，查找重复率，并标出重复的地方，让批改你作业的老师一目了然。
根据我的使用经验推测，连续3个相同的单词就会被高亮标注彩色，并且系统可以初步判断句子结构是否抄袭（单纯变换单词顺序无效），它也会检测到段落结是否抄袭（会同时会计算段落抄袭比例）。
如何排除文献文中引用和参考列表的重复
正常的话，我们引用是不算重复的。所以我们需要把这块进行排除，下面教大家方法如何排除
首先进入blackboard的去查看你的作业重复率
然后勾选下面两个选项进行保存，你就发现重复率降低了。
说明：每次查看时候都需要手动设置一次
如何降低整段重复
你写的内容一段文字都被认定重复，解决方法有两个
方法一：如果你写的作业字数很多，而且这段文字可有可无，建议删除。
方法二：二次改写，我英文能力很差，所以我是二次改写中文，我用伪原创工具进行整段二次改写。
下面推荐几个工具自己选择使用
不念智能AI文章伪原创 https://www.bunian.cn/ai
小发猫智能AI写作 http://www.xiaofamao.com/
爱写稿 https://www.aixiegao.com/weiyuanchuang.html
如何降低单句重复
单个句子重复一般把重复单词进行替换就ok了。
我的英语很差，所以我用谷歌翻译，因为谷歌翻译都会对句子提供多种翻译。看看有没有一个翻译后的句子没有重复关键字。
如果还有，建议修改一下中文说法。
常用降重方法举例
尚德官方讲解
视频讲解（非完整课件）
屁屁踢课件
Assignment instruction 4.pptx
词语层面
在保留原意的前提下将句子中的部分成分进行替换。
比如：
… parameters including …
… such parameters as …
This study investigated …
Here we investigated …
…, while …
….; however, …
On the contrary, …
By contrast, …
: namely
after being treated with
after treatment with
showing no significant difference compared with …
not significantly different from …
- 单纯在词语层面进行替换往往降重效果不明显，所以我们可以和句子层面的改写结合起来，在以下的改写例子中也同时使用了同义词替换。
句子层面
1. 改变主语
The patients with Cushing’s syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018 were retrospectively analyzed.
A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients with Cushing’s syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018.
- 将retrospectively analyzed变为名词a retrospective analysis，并从句末调到句首作主语，不仅改变了句子结构，也使得原本冗长的主语变简短了。
The culture medium was replaced with a fresh medium on day 6.
A fresh medium was used to replace the culture medium on day 6.
The patients with Cushing’s syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018 were retrospectively analyzed.
We analyzed the patients with Cushing’s syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from 2010-2018.
- We在英文论文里很常见，使用We可以避免过多使用被动语态，使得主语比较简短。以前国内存在一个误解：科技论文里慎用第一人称和主动语态，尤其忌讳使用we，不过现在这个误解正在逐渐消除。
3. 简化表达
Various microRNAs have been demonstrated to possess the ability to regulate MSC differentiation
Various microRNAs are able to regulate MSC differentiation
- possess the ability to可以简化are able to，have been demonstrated to如无必要，也可以删除。
4. 改变句子成分
With the rapid advance in nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been developed for stem cell therapy applications, such as molecular imaging, gene/drug delivery andtissue engineering.
Rapid advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials for various stem cell therapy applications, including tissue engineering, molecular imaging, and gene/drug delivery.
- 原来的介词短语（状语）With the rapid advance in nanotechnology变成了主语Rapid advances in nanotechnology。
原来的nanomaterials have been developed变成了名词（宾语）the development of nanomaterials
另外，such as变成了including，后面的几项调换了顺序。
5. 从句变为非句子成分
…, which was probably because it triggered more ROS generation.
…, presumably due to triggering more ROS generation.
- which引导的定语从句转变为原因状语。
6. 谓语动词变为非谓语动词
Some peak broadening was evident and possibly corresponded to a slight rounding of the nano particle vertices.
Some peak broadening was evident, possibly indicating a slight rounding of the nano particle vertices
- 根据意思将possibly corresponded to改为possibly indicating，整个句子由两个谓语的并列结构变成了带有补语的结构，句子层次感更强。
7. 从句变为名词结构
The results suggested that dorsomorphin and DKK1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation.
The results indicated suppression of osteogenic differentiation by dorsomorphin and DKK1.
- 将dorsomorphin and DKK1 suppressed osteogenic differentiation这个句子变成了名词性结构suppression of osteogenic differentiation by dorsomorphin and DKK1。
8. 改变句子成分的顺序
bMSCs were washed with PBS four times and loaded with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min of incubation.
bMSCs were washed four times with PBS and incubated with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min.
- 对于washed with PBS four times，可以将with PBS和four times调换顺序，改成washed four times with PBS；loaded with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min of incubation也可以简化一下，把incubation变为动词移到前面：incubated with 1.2 mL of DCFH-DA for 20 min.
这里也可以根据情况使用followed by结构：bMSCs were washed four times with PBS, followed by 20 min of incubation with DCFH-DA (1.2 mL).
9. 把复杂句拆分成简单句
A total of 2000 respondents, who were young respondents aged 16-28, were interviewed.
A total of 2000 respondents were interviewed; they were young people, between the ages of 16 and 28 years.
- 将定语从句who were young respondents aged 16-28升级为一个分句：they were young people, between the ages of 16 and 28 years，与原来的主句并列存在。这里使用了分号，表示这两个分句之间的联系较为紧密。
10. 变换说法
Both treatment groups showed significant decreases in anxiety and avoidance, and the CBT-R group had significantly greater reductions in these symptoms than the GEAR group .
Both regimens produced significant reductions in anxiety and avoidance, with greater decreases with the CBT-R regimen.
- 对于groups showed significant decreases，我们可以换一种说法：regimens produced significant reductions，意思不变。第二个分句可以相应的简化成非句子结构。
删除
1. 删除多余（unnecessary）成分，简化句子
Various factors such as A, B, and C have been demonstrated to possess the ability to regulate cell differentiation, while the influence of factor D on cell differentiation is neglected. This article investigated the effect of factor D on cell differentiation.
Various factors such as A, B, and C are able to regulate cell differentiation, but the influence of factor D has yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of factor D on cell differentiation.
- 对于the influence of factor D on cell differentiation ，由于前后文的存在，即使将 on cell differentiation去除，也知道influence是针对cell differentiation而言，所以我们可以把 on cell differentiation删除。
2. 删除前后重复的内容
比如在方法部分，同样的操作可以不用反复描述，可以根据情况写上一句，“The same procedure was repeated as in section 4.1.”
3. 删除同样的方法描写
如果有的方法描写在其他文献中出现过，可以不用完全照写一遍，否则很容易造成较高的重复率，可以考虑这样处理：“Protocol X was performed according to reference Y.”
4. 文字转变为图表
结果部分一些内容如果可以用图表展示，就不需要用文字赘述了，“These data are shown in Figure 6.”
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