JDBC、MyBatis、Spring Data JPA

1、JDBC

  1. <dependency>
  2. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>
  5. <dependency>
  6. <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  7. <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  8. <scope>runtime</scope>
  9. </dependency>

配置:

spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://39.101.192.239:3389/jdbc
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

效果:

默认使用class com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource作为数据源;

数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;

自动配置原理:

1、参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持;

org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource

3、自定义数据源类型

/**
 * Generic DataSource configuration.
 */
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {

    @Bean
    DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
        // 使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
        return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
    }

}

4、DataSourceInitializerInvoker:ApplicationListener;

作用:(执行sql)

1、initialize(initializer):运行建表语句

2、initializer.initSchema():运行插入数据的sql语句

默认只需要将文件命名为:

schema-*.sql(建表的)、data-*.sql(数据的)
默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql;
可以使用
    schema:
        - classpath:department.sql
        指定位置

// 2.x版本需要注册这个,才能执行schema
spring.datasource.initialization-mode=always

5、操作数据库:自动配置了jdbcTemplate操作数据库

  • 使用这个jdbcTemplate可以执行sql(也就是一些额外的)

2、整合Druid数据源

<!--导入log4j-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>

<!--引入druid数据源-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.1</version>
</dependency>
# 前提导入数据源
spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://39.101.x.x:3389/jdbc
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    #   数据源其他配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    #   配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500

#    schema:
#      - classpath:sql/department.sql
#    initialization-mode: always

注意在这儿要将这个log4j导入,不然后面会出问题

// 整合Druid数据源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource druid() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    // 配置一个Druid的监控
    // 1、配置一个监管后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet() {
        ServletRegistrationBean<StatViewServlet> bean = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername", "admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword", "123456");
        initParams.put("allow", ""); // 默认允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny", "192.168.1.21");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }

    // 2、配置一个监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter() {
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions", "*.js,*.css,/druid/*");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);

        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));

        return bean;
    }

}

3、整合MyBatis

<!--2.3.4boot版本整合-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>

image-20201024204539959.png

步骤:

1、配置数据源相关属性

spring:
  datasource:
    #   数据源基本配置
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://39.101.192.239:3389/mybatis
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    #   数据源其他配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    #   配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
/**
 * @author cai-xiansheng
 * @Description
 * @create 2020-10-24 20:53
 */
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druid() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    // 配置一个Druid监控

    // 1、配置一个监管后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet() {
        ServletRegistrationBean<StatViewServlet> bean = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String, String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername", "admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword", "123456");
        initParams.put("allow", ""); // 默认允许访问所有访问
        initParams.put("deny", "192.168.1.21"); // 不允许访问的机器

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }

    // 2、配置一个监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter() {
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions", "*.js,*.css,/druid/*");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);

        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
        return bean;
    }

}

2、给数据库创建表

spring:
  datasource:
    #    自动运行建表语句{ schema-*.sql(建表的)、data-*.sql(数据的) }
    schema:
      - classpath:sql/department.sql
      - classpath:sql/employee.sql
    #    2.x版本需要注册这个,才能执行schema
    initialization-mode: always

3、创建javaBean

4、注解版

// 指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
// @Componet加上之后就不会再使用@AutoWired的时候出现爆红
@Mapper
@Component
public interface DepartmentMapper {

    @Select("select * from department where id = #{id}")
    public Department getDeptById(Integer id);

    @Delete("delete from department where id = #{id}")
    public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);

    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
    public int insertDept(Department department);

    @Update("update department set departmentName = #{departmentName} where id = #{id}")
    public int updateDept(Department department);

}

问题:

自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;

@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer() {
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer() {
            @Override
            public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}

批量扫描所有的mapper接口(使用Mapper);

也可以使用在MyBatis的config类中

@MapperScan(value = "com.zh.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
    }

}

5、配置文件版

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
  # 指定全局配置的位置
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
  # 指定映射sql文件的位置
  • 在我们使用了config-location之后,我们之前的mybatisConfig文件就会失效。
  • 可能是因为,mybatisAutoConfiguration的默认

更多实用参照:

http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/

4、整合SpringData JPA

1、SpringData简介

image-20201024225235731.png

2、整合SpringData JPA

JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping)

1、编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系

// 使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity // 告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的表)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") // @Table来指定和那个数据表对应,如果省略默认表明就是user;
public class User{

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增主键
    private Integer id;

    @Conlumn(name = "last_name", length = 50) // 这是和数据表内对应的一个列
    private String lastName;

    @Column // 省略列名就是属性名
    private String email;

    // getter and setter
}

2、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)

// 集成JpaResponsitory来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaResponsitory<User, Integer> {

}

3、基本的配置JpaProperties

spring:
  jpa:
      hibernate:
      # 更新或者数据表的结构
        ddl-auto: update
      # 控制台显示SQL
      show-sql: true