采购供应链参考 https://www.zhihu.com/people/scmxuexi
采购经常会接触到各种英文和英文缩写,涉及的客户需求、采购需求、计划、订单、合同、物流包装、结算….等
d
custom made: 需指定制造的产品
first priority: 最高的优先级别
PPR( Premium price request): 高于标准价格采购请求
RFQ(request for quote): 报价请求,询盘
ESI(Early supplier involvement): 供应商早期介入
cost modeling:成本模型
STD price: 标准价格
Stock-out cost: 缺货成本
awarded supplier: 指定供应商
escalate to higher level: 提交上级处理
cut hard order: 手动下订单
customer demand pull-in: 客户需求提前或增加
Distributor:分销商;
Manufacturing:厂商;
Broker:经纪商。(紧急情况下启用,价格较高。)
EAU (Estimated annual usage): 预估每年需求量
line down: 停产
APQP(advanced product quality planning): 指产品在量产前对如何实现产品以及如何进行质量控制看展的策划活动。
PPAP(production part approval process):生产件批准程序,是指第一次生产样件时向客户提交一系列文件记录清单,如样品检测报告,FMEA,工艺流程图,控制计划,图纸等等,要提交的资料根据客户要求进行,提交后客户将确认OK后方可进行试生产阶段。
EOQ(economic ordering quantity): 经济订购数量,EOQ=(A:单位时间净需求 S:每次订购费用 U:商品单位成本 C:储存成本)
EDI(electronic data interchange): 电子数据交换。
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R&D (research and design) 研发
APS (automated purchasing system) 自动采购系统
CAD (computer automated design) 计算机辅助设计
ERP (enterprise resource planning) 企业资源计划
ANX (automotive network exchange) 自动网络交换
CPO (chief procurement officers) 采购总监
CPE (collaborative planning and execution) 合作计划和执行
TCA (total cost of acquisition) 总获取成本 或 TCO Ownership
CPFR (collaborative,planning,forecasting,replenishment)合作,计划,预测,补充
SCM (supply chain management) 供应链管理
VMI (vendor managed inventory) 卖方管理库存
VMR (vendor managed replenishment) 卖方管理补货
SCOR (supply chain operations reference) 供应链管理指南
LEW (least ex works) 最小离岸价
MOM (markup over coat model) 成本变动
3PL (third party logistics) 第三方物流
MRP (material requirements planning) 物料需求计划
CIO (computer information officers) 信息主管
PDCA (plan-do-check action cycle) 计划-实施-检查循环
分析库存-库存盘点;Inventory analysis-Create physical inventory document
做采购申请;Create purchase requisition
批准采购申请;Approve purchase requisition
做采购订单;Create purchase order
创建货源清单,询价-报价-确认供应商;Create source list, enquire-quotation-choose supplier
做合同;Create contract
收货-验货-发货 Goods receipt-goods inspection-goods issue
催,校验;Push supplier`s invoice, invoice verify
付款;Arrange payment
CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价
CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价
T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
D/P(document against payment)付款交单
D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证
EMS (express mail special)特快传递
G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱
PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等
DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元
DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打
PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等
WT(weight)重量
G.W.(gross weight)毛重
N.W.(net weight)净重
C/D (customs declaration)报关单
EA(each)每个,各
W (with)具有
w/o(without)没有
FAC(facsimile)传真
IMP(import)进口
EXP(export)出口
MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的
MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度
M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的
M/V(merchant vessel)商船
S.S(steamship)船运
MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨
DOC (document)文件、单据
INT(international)国际的
P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表
INV (invoice)**
PCT (percent)百分比
REF (reference)参考、查价
STL.(style)式样、款式、类型
T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
S/M (shipping marks)装船标记
PR或PRC(price) 价格
PUR (purchase)购买、购货
S/C(sales contract)销售确认书
L/C (letter of credit)信用证
B/L (bill of lading)提单
FOB (free on board)离岸价、装运港船上交货
CIF(COST,INSURANCE AND FREIGHT)—成本加保险费、运费
CFR(COST AND FREIGH)—-成本加运费
FCA(FREE CARRIER)—货交承运人
CPT(CARRIAGE PAID TO)—运费付至
CIP(CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO)—运费、保险费付至
字母检索
ABC Classification ABC分类法Activity-Based Costing 业务量成本法/作业成本法
ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system) 快速成本回收制度
Action Message 行为/措施信息
AIS (Accounting information system) 会计信息系统
Allocation 已分配量
Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报
A/P (Accounts Payable) 应付帐款
APICS (American Production &
Inventory Control Society) 美国生产及库存控制协会
AQL (Acceptable quality Level) 可接受质量水平
A/R (Accounts Receivable) 应收帐款
Automatic Rescheduling 自动重排产
Available To Promise (APT) 可签约量
Backflush 倒冲法
Backlog 未完成订单/未结订单
Back Scheduling 倒序排产
BE analysis (Break-even analysis) 盈亏临界点分析,保本分析
Bill of Material (BOM) 物料清单
Business Plan 经营规划
B/V (Book value) 帐面价值
Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能力需求计划
CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 成本效益分析
CEO 首席执行官
CFO (Chief Financial Officer) 财务总裁
Closed Loop MRP 闭环物料需求计划
CPM (Critical path method) 关键路线法
CPP accounting (Constant purchasing power accounting) 不变购买力会计
Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期
C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价
T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
D/P(document against payment)付款交单
D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证
Cycle Counting 周期盘点
Demand 需求
Demand Management 需求管理
Demonstrated Capacity 实际能力
Dependent Demand 非需求
DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 财务杠杆系数
Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直接增减库存法
Dispatch List 派工单
DOL (Degree of operating leverage) 经营杠杆系数
ELS (Economic lot size) 经济批量
EOQ (Economic order quantity) 经济订货批量
&nbs;FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先进先出法
Firm Planned Order 确认计划订单
FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后进先出法
Fixed Order Quantity 固定订货批量法
Flow Shop 流水车间
Focus Forecasting 集中预测
Full Pegging 完全跟踪
Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 公认生产管理原则
Independent Demand 需求
Inpu/Output Control 投入/产出控制
Interplant Demand 厂际需求
Inventory Turnover 库存周转次数
Item 物料项目
Item Record 项目记录
Job Shop 加工车间
Just-in-time (JIT) 准时制生产
Lead Time 提前期 前置期,指订单从收到具体明细到货到货仓收到落货纸这一段时间,可以用评估工厂的综合实力。
Level 层
Load 负荷
Lot for Lot 按需订货法
LP (Linear programming) 线性规划
Machine Loading 机器加载
Make-to-order Product (MTO) 面向订单生产的产品
Make-to-stock Product (MTS) 面向库存生产产品
Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 制造资源计划
Master Production Schedule (MPS) 主生产计划
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 物料需求计划
MBO (Management by objective) 目标管理
Net Change MRP 净改变式物料需求计划
Net Requirements 净需求
Oliver Wight MRP-II理论的创始人
On-hand Balance 现在库存量
Open Order 未结订单/开放订单
Order Entry 订单输入
Order Promising 订货承诺
Pegging 反查
Picking 领料/提货
Picking List 领料单
Planned Order 计划订单
Post-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing (Backflush) 后减库存处理法/倒冲法
Pre-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 前减库存处理法
Production Planning 生产规划编制
Projected Available Balance 预计可用库存
Gueue 队列
Gueue Time 排队时间
Regeneration MRP 重生成式物料需求计划
Rescheduling Assumption 重排假设
Resource Requirement Planning 资源需求计划
Rough-cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划
Routing 工艺路线
Safety Stock 安全库存
Safety Time 保险期
Scheduled Receipt 预计入库量
Scrap Factor 残料率/废品系数
Service Parts 维修件
Shop Floor Control 车间作业管理
Shrinkage Factor 损耗系数
Time Bucket 时间段
Tie Fence 时界
VE (value engineering) 价值工程
Vendor Scheduling 采购计划法
Work Center 工作中心
Work in Process (WIP) 在制品
ZBB (Zero based Budgeting) 零基预算
Zero Inventories 零库存
Accounting Clerk —记帐员;
Accounting Supervisor—会计主管;
Administration Manager—行政经理;
Supervisor —监管员;
Bond Analyst —证券分析员;
Fund Manager—财务经理;
Assistant Manager —副经理;
payment支付,付款
to pay付款,支付,偿还
dishonour拒付
deferred payment延期付款
progressive payment分期付款
payment on terms定期付款
payment agreement支付协定
pay order支付凭证
payment order付款通知
payment by banker银行支付
payment by remittance汇拨支付
payment in part部分付款
payment in full全部付讫
clean payment单纯支付
simple payment单纯支付
payment by installment分期付款
payment respite延期付款
payment at maturity到期付款
payment in advance预付(货款)
Cash With Order (C.W.O)随订单付现
Cash On Delivery (C.O.D)交货付现
discount贴现
draft汇票
Promisory Note本票
cheque支票
clean bill光票
documentary bill跟单汇票
Sight Bill即期汇票
Time Bill远期汇票
Usance Bill远期汇票
Commercial Bill商业汇票
Banker””s Bill银行汇票
Transferable L/C 可转让信用证
Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证
Revolving L/C 循环信用证
Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证
Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证
Countervailing credit (俗称)子证
Overriding credit 母证
Banker””s Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证
Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证
Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证
Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证
Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证
Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证
usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例
I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物
Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证
method of reimbursement 索汇方法
without recourse 不受追索
Opening Bank”” Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字
beneficiary 受益人
guarantor 保证人
Exporter””s Bank 出口方银行
Importer””s Bank 进口方银行
Seller””s Bank 卖方银行
Buyer””s Bank 买方银行
Paying Bank 付款行,汇入行
Remitting Bank 汇出行
Opening Bank 开证行
Issuing Bank 开证行
Advising Bank 通知行
Notifying Bank 通知行
Negotiating Bank 议付行
Drawee Bank 付款行
Confirming Bank 保兑行
Presenting Bank 提示行
Transmitting Bank 转递行
Accepting Bank 承兑行
Additional Words and Phrases
pay bearer 付给某人
bearer 来人
payer 付款人