Docker命令

帮助命令

docker version

显示Docker版本信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.13
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        4484c46d9d
 Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:03:45 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.13
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       4484c46d9d
  Built:            Wed Sep 16 17:02:21 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.3.7
  GitCommit:        8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683
[root@localhost ~]#

docker info

显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量。

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false
Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 1
 Server Version: 19.03.13
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.777GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: 4ARA:NX4Y:7DM7:IGVR:XQNU:PNSQ:SDFN:44U2:VINY:2OMR:VDKO:2SKU
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://gnxq79wc.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@localhost ~]#

docker 命令 —help

帮助命令

https://docs.docker.com/

命令：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

镜像命令

docker images

查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY  镜像仓库源
TAG            镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATED        镜像的创建时间
SIZE        镜像的大小

Options选项

[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help
Usage:    docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests  #格式化
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided  #过滤
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs

解释

-a 列出所有镜像

-q 只显示镜像的ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -aq
bf756fb1ae65
[root@localhost ~]#

搜索命令

网页搜索

https://hub.docker.com/

docker search

docker search —help

[root@localhost ~]# docker search --help

Usage:    docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
[root@localhost ~]#

例如：

—filter=STARS=3000 #过滤出镜像收藏大于3000的

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10115               [OK]                
mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3715                [OK]                
[root@localhost ~]#

下载命令

docker pull

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull --help

Usage:    docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

Pull an image or a repository from a registry

Options:
  -a, --all-tags                Download all tagged images in the repository
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      --platform string         Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress verbose output
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   #如果不写tag:，默认下载最新的版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete    #分层下载，docker image的核心：联合文件系统
49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete 
842b1255668c: Pull complete 
9f48d1f43000: Pull complete 
c693f0615bce: Pull complete 
8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete 
0807d32aef13: Pull complete 
a56aca0feb17: Pull complete 
de9d45fd0f07: Pull complete 
1d68a49161cc: Pull complete 
d16d318b774e: Pull complete 
49e112c55976: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8c17271df53ee3b843d6e16d46cff13f22c9c04d6982eb15a9a47bd5c9ac7e2d   #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest   #真实地址
[root@localhost ~]

docker pull mysql=docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest #等价

指定下载版本

docker pull 镜像名:tag

注：指定下载的版本必须是存在的。

联合文件系统，公用文件不在下载极大减少占用存储

比较：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete 
49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete 
842b1255668c: Pull complete 
9f48d1f43000: Pull complete 
c693f0615bce: Pull complete 
8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete 
0807d32aef13: Pull complete 
a56aca0feb17: Pull complete 
de9d45fd0f07: Pull complete 
1d68a49161cc: Pull complete 
d16d318b774e: Pull complete 
49e112c55976: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8c17271df53ee3b843d6e16d46cff13f22c9c04d6982eb15a9a47bd5c9ac7e2d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Already exists 
49e22f6fb9f7: Already exists 
842b1255668c: Already exists 
9f48d1f43000: Already exists 
c693f0615bce: Already exists 
8a621b9dbed2: Already exists 
0807d32aef13: Already exists 
f15d42f48bd9: Pull complete 
098ceecc0c8d: Pull complete 
b6fead9737bc: Pull complete 
351d223d3d76: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4d2b34e99c14edb99cdd95ddad4d9aa7ea3f2c4405ff0c3509a29dc40bcb10ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]#

查看下载的镜像

删除镜像命令

docker rmi -f id

docker rmi -f id1 id2 id3 #删除多个指定的容器镜像

通过ID删除镜像/通过TAG删除镜像

再次查看，mysql 5.7已被删除，只删除了部分层。

删除全部容器镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)