变体一: 查找第一个值等于给定值的元素

• 在普通的二分查找算法基础上进行更改
• 当找到指定值后, 不立即返回, 而是向前检测一位

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else if (a[mid] < value) {
      low = mid + 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == 0) || (a[mid - 1] != value)) return mid;
      else high = mid - 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}
public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] >= value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else {
      low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  if (low < n && a[low]==value) return low;
  else return -1;
}

变体二: 查找最后一个值等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else if (a[mid] < value) {
      low = mid + 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == n - 1) || (a[mid + 1] != value)) return mid;
      else low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

变体三: 查找第一个大于等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] >= value) {
      if ((mid == 0) || (a[mid - 1] < value)) return mid;
      else high = mid - 1;
    } else {
      low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

变体四: 查找最后一个小于等于给定值的元素

public int bsearch7(int[] a, int n, int value) {
  int low = 0;
  int high = n - 1;
  while (low <= high) {
    int mid =  low + ((high - low) >> 1);
    if (a[mid] > value) {
      high = mid - 1;
    } else {
      if ((mid == n - 1) || (a[mid + 1] > value)) return mid;
      else low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}