错误处理函数

errno 是记录系统的最后一次错误代码。代码是一个int型的值，在errno.h中定义。查看错误代码errno是调试程序的一个重要方法。

当Linux C api函数发生异常时，一般会将errno全局变量赋一个整数值，不同的值表示不同的含义，可以通过查看该值推测出错的原因。

#include <stdio.h>  //fopen
#include <errno.h>  //errno
#include <string.h> //strerror(errno)
int main()
{
    FILE *fp = fopen("xxxx", "r");
    if (NULL == fp)
    {
        printf("%d\n", errno);  //打印错误码
        printf("%s\n", strerror(errno)); //把errno的数字转换成相应的文字
        perror("fopen err");    //打印错误原因的字符串
    }
    return 0;
}

查看错误号：

/usr/include/asm-generic/errno-base.h /usr/include/asm-generic/errno.h

#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H
#define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H

#define    EPERM         1    /* Operation not permitted */
#define    ENOENT         2    /* No such file or directory */
#define    ESRCH         3    /* No such process */
#define    EINTR         4    /* Interrupted system call */
#define    EIO         5    /* I/O error */
#define    ENXIO         6    /* No such device or address */
#define    E2BIG         7    /* Argument list too long */
#define    ENOEXEC         8    /* Exec format error */
#define    EBADF         9    /* Bad file number */
#define    ECHILD        10    /* No child processes */
#define    EAGAIN        11    /* Try again */
#define    ENOMEM        12    /* Out of memory */
#define    EACCES        13    /* Permission denied */
#define    EFAULT        14    /* Bad address */
#define    ENOTBLK        15    /* Block device required */
#define    EBUSY        16    /* Device or resource busy */
#define    EEXIST        17    /* File exists */
#define    EXDEV        18    /* Cross-device link */
#define    ENODEV        19    /* No such device */
#define    ENOTDIR        20    /* Not a directory */
#define    EISDIR        21    /* Is a directory */
#define    EINVAL        22    /* Invalid argument */
#define    ENFILE        23    /* File table overflow */
#define    EMFILE        24    /* Too many open files */
#define    ENOTTY        25    /* Not a typewriter */
#define    ETXTBSY        26    /* Text file busy */
#define    EFBIG        27    /* File too large */
#define    ENOSPC        28    /* No space left on device */
#define    ESPIPE        29    /* Illegal seek */
#define    EROFS        30    /* Read-only file system */
#define    EMLINK        31    /* Too many links */
#define    EPIPE        32    /* Broken pipe */
#define    EDOM        33    /* Math argument out of domain of func */
#define    ERANGE        34    /* Math result not representable */

#endif