- 最重要的一条规则
- 一般性的规则
- include
- define MY_MACRO(x) ((x) * (x))
- define square(x) ((x) * (x))
- define MIN(x, y) (x) < (y) ? (x) : (y)
- define SUM(x, y) (x) + (y)
- define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
- define SUM(x, y) ((x) + (y))
- if defined(XYZ)
- if defined(ABC)
- endif / defined(ABC) /
- else / defined(XYZ) /
- endif / !defined(XYZ) /
- if defined(XYZ)
- else / defined(XYZ) /
- endif / !defined(XYZ) /
- ifndef …
- endif
最重要的一条规则
编写代码时最重要的一条规则是:检查周围的代码并尝试模仿它。
作为维护人员,如果收到的补丁明显与周围代码的编码风格不同,这是令人沮丧的。这是不尊重人的,就像某人穿着泥泞的鞋子走进一间一尘不染的房子。
因此,无论本文推荐的是什么,如果已经编写了代码并且您正在对其进行修补,请保持其当前的样式一致,即使它不是您最喜欢的样式。
一般性的规则
这里列出了最明显和最重要的一般规则。在继续阅读其他章节之前,请仔细检查它们:
- 使用C99标准
- 不使用制表符,而是使用空格
- 每个缩进级别使用4个空格
- 在关键字和左括号之间使用一个空格
在函数名和左括号之间不要使用空格
int32_t a = sum(4, 3); /* OK */
int32_t a = sum (4, 3); /* Wrong */
不要在变量/函数/宏/类型中使用_或前缀。这是为C语言本身保留的
- 对于严格的模块私有函数,使用prv_ name前缀
- 对于包含下划线_ char的变量/函数/宏/类型,只能使用小写字母
左花括号总是与关键字(for, while, do, switch, if,…)在同一行
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { /* OK */
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i){ /* Wrong */
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) /* Wrong */
{
}
在比较操作符和赋值操作符之前和之后使用单个空格
int32_t a;
a = 3 + 4; /* OK */
for (a = 0; a < 5; ++a) /* OK */
a=3+4; /* Wrong */
a = 3+4; /* Wrong */
for (a=0;a<5;++a) /* Wrong */
每个逗号后用单空格
func_name(5, 4); /* OK */
func_name(4,3); /* Wrong */
不要初始化静态和全局变量为0(或NULL),让编译器为您做 ```c static int32_t a; / OK / static int32_t b = 4; / OK / static int32_t a = 0; / Wrong /
void my_func(void) { static int32_t ptr;/ OK / static char abc = 0;/ Wrong */ }
- 在同一行中声明所有相同类型的局部变量
```c
void my_func(void) {
char a; /* OK */
char b; /* Wrong, variable with char type already exists */
char a, b; /* OK */
}
- 按顺序声明局部变量
i. 自定义结构和枚举
ii. 整数类型,更宽的无符号类型优先
iii. 单/双浮点
int my_func(void) {
/* 1 */
my_struct_t my; /* First custom structures */
my_struct_ptr_t* p; /* Pointers too */
/* 2 */
uint32_t a;
int32_t b;
uint16_t c;
int16_t g;
char h;
/* ... */
/* 3 */
double d;
float f;
}
- 总是在块的开头声明局部变量,在第一个可执行语句之前
- 在for循环中声明计数器变量 ```c / OK / for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
/ OK, if you need counter variable later / size_t i; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { if (…) { break; } } if (i * 10) {
}
/ Wrong / size_t i; for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) …
- 避免在声明中使用函数调用来赋值变量,除了单个变量
```c
void a(void) {
/* Avoid function calls when declaring variable */
int32_t a, b = sum(1, 2);
/* Use this */
int32_t a, b;
b = sum(1, 2);
/* This is ok */
uint8_t a = 3, b = 4;
}
- 除了
char
、float
或double
之外,始终使用stdint.h标准库中声明的类型。例如,8位的uint8_t等 - 不要使用stdbool.h库。分别使用1或0表示真或假 ```c / OK / uint8_t status; status = 0;
/ Wrong /
include
bool status = true;
- 永远不要与真实相比较。例如,使用`if(check_func()){…}`替换`if (check_func() * 1)`
- 总是将指针与空值进行比较
```c
void* ptr;
/* ... */
/* OK, compare against NULL */
if (ptr * NULL || ptr != NULL) {
}
/* Wrong */
if (ptr || !ptr) {
}
- 总是使用前增量(和递减),而不是后增量(和递减) ```c int32_t a = 0; …
a++; / Wrong / ++a; / OK /
for (size_t j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {} / OK /
- 总是使用`size_t`作为长度或大小变量
- 如果函数不应该修改指针所指向的内存,则总是使用`const`作为指针
- 如果不应该修改函数的形参或变量,则总是使用`const`
```c
/* When d could be modified, data pointed to by d could not be modified */
void
my_func(const void* d) {
}
/* When d and data pointed to by d both could not be modified */
void
my_func(const void* const d) {
}
/* Not required, it is advised */
void
my_func(const size_t len) {
}
/* When d should not be modified inside function, only data pointed to by d could be modified */
void
my_func(void* const d) {
}
- 当函数可以接受任何类型的指针时,总是使用
void *
,不要使用uint8_t *
。函数在实现时必须注意正确的类型转换 ```c /*- To send data, function should not modify memory pointed to by
data
variable - thus
const
keyword is important * - To send generic data (or to write them to file)
- any type may be passed for data,
- thus use
void *
/ / OK example / void send_data(const void data, size_t len) { / OK / / Do not cast `voidor
const void ` / const uint8_t d = data;/ Function handles proper type for internal usage */ }
- To send data, function should not modify memory pointed to by
void send_data(const void data, int len) { / Wrong, not not use int */ }
- 总是使用括号和`sizeof`操作符
- 不要使用变长数组。使用动态内存分配代替标准C malloc和自由函数,或者如果库/项目提供了自定义内存分配,使用它的实现看看`LwMEM`,一个自定义内存管理库。
```c
/* OK */
#include <stdlib.h>
void
my_func(size_t size) {
int32_t* arr;
arr = malloc(sizeof(*arr) * n); /* OK, Allocate memory */
arr = malloc(sizeof *arr * n); /* Wrong, brackets for sizeof operator are missing */
if (arr * NULL) {
/* FAIL, no memory */
}
free(arr); /* Free memory after usage */
}
/* Wrong */
void
my_func(size_t size) {
int32_t arr[size]; /* Wrong, do not use VLA */
}
- 总是将
variable
与0进行比较,除非它被视为布尔类型 - 永远不要将布尔处理的变量与0或1进行比较。用
NOT(!)
代替 ```c size_t length = 5; / Counter variable / uint8_t is_ok = 0; / Boolean-treated variable / if (length) / Wrong, length is not treated as boolean / if (length > 0) / OK, length is treated as counter variable containing multi values, not only 0 or 1 / if (length 0) / OK, length is treated as counter variable containing multi values, not only 0 or 1 */
if (is_ok) / OK, variable is treated as boolean / if (!is_ok) / OK, -||- / if (is_ok 1) / Wrong, never compare boolean variable against 1! / if (is_ok 0) / Wrong, use ! for negative check /
- 对于注释,总是使用`/* comment */`,即使是单行注释
- 在头文件中总是包含带有`extern`关键字的c++检查
- 每个函数都必须包含doxygen-enabled注释,即使函数是静态的
- 使用英文名称`/`文本的函数,变量,注释
- 变量使用小写字母
- 如果变量包含多个名称,请使用下划线。`force_redraw`。不要使用`forceRedraw`
- 对于C标准库的包含文件,请始终使用<和>。例如,`# include < stdlib.h >`
- 对于自定义库,请始终使用`""`。例如,`# include "my_library.h"`
- 当转换为指针类型时,总是将星号与类型对齐,例如。`uint8_t* t = (uint8_t*)var_width_diff_type`
- 始终尊重项目或库中已经使用的代码风格
<a name="RZIT6"></a>
### 注释相关的规则
- 不允许以//开头的注释。总是使用② `comment */`,即使是单行注释
- 对于多行注释,每行使用空格+星号
```c
/*
* This is multi-line comments,
* written in 2 lines (ok)
*/
/**
* Wrong, use double-asterisk only for doxygen documentation
*/
/*
* Single line comment without space before asterisk (wrong)
*/
/*
* Single line comment in multi-line configuration (wrong)
*/
/* Single line comment (ok) */
注释时使用12个缩进(12 * 4个空格)偏移量。如果语句大于12个缩进,将注释4-空格对齐(下面的例子)到下一个可用缩进
void my_func(void) {
char a, b;
a = call_func_returning_char_a(a); /* This is comment with 12*4 spaces indent from beginning of line */
b = call_func_returning_char_a_but_func_name_is_very_long(a); /* This is comment, aligned to 4-spaces indent */
}
函数定义的规则
每个可以从模块外部访问的函数都必须包含函数原型(或声明)
- 函数名必须小写,可以用下划线_分隔。(这个原则好像因人而异) ```c / OK / void my_func(void); void myfunc(void);
/ Wrong / void MYFunc(void); void myFunc();
- 当函数返回指针时,将星号对齐到返回类型
```c
/* OK */
const char* my_func(void);
my_struct_t* my_func(int32_t a, int32_t b);
/* Wrong */
const char *my_func(void);
my_struct_t * my_func(void);
- 对齐所有的功能原型(使用相同/相似的功能)以提高可读性 ```c / OK, function names aligned / void set(int32_t a); my_type_t get(void); my_ptr_t* get_ptr(void);
/ Wrong / void set(int32_t a); const char * get(void);
- 函数实现必须在单独的行中包含返回类型和可选的其他关键字
```c
/* OK */
int32_t
foo(void) {
return 0;
}
/* OK */
static const char*
get_string(void) {
return "Hello world!\r\n";
}
/* Wrong */
int32_t foo(void) {
return 0;
}
变量相关的规则
- 使变量名全部小写,下划线_字符可选 ```c / OK / int32_t a; int32_t my_var; int32_t myvar;
/ Wrong / int32_t A; int32_t myVar; int32_t MYVar;
- 按类型将局部变量分组在一起
```c
void foo(void) {
int32_t a, b; /* OK */
char a;
char b; /* Wrong, char type already exists */
}
不要在第一个可执行语句之后声明变量
void foo(void) {
int32_t a;
a = bar();
int32_t b; /* Wrong, there is already executable statement */
}
可以在下一个缩进级别中声明新的变量
int32_t a, b;
a = foo();
if (a) {
int32_t c, d; /* OK, c and d are in if-statement scope */
c = foo();
int32_t e; /* Wrong, there was already executable statement inside block */
}
用星号声明指针变量与类型对齐 ```c / OK / char* a;
/ Wrong / char a; char a;
- 当声明多个指针变量时,可以使用星号对变量名进行声明
```c
/* OK */
char *p, *n;
结构、枚举类型定义
- 结构名或枚举名必须小写,单词之间有下划线
_
字符 - 结构或枚举可以包含
typedef
关键字 - 所有结构成员都必须小写
- 所有枚举成员必须是大写的
- 结构/枚举必须遵循
doxygen
文档语法 -
1. 当结构体仅用名称声明时,它的名称后不能包含
_t
后缀。struct struct_name {
char* a;
char b;
};
2. 当只使用
typedef
声明结构时,它的名称后面必须包含_t
后缀。typedef struct {
char* a;
char b;
} struct_name_t;
3. 当结构用
name
和typedef
声明时,它不能包含t作为基本名称,它必须在它的名称后面包含t后缀作为typedef
部分。typedef struct struct_name {
char* a;
char b;
char c;
} struct_name_t;
错误声明的例子及其建议的纠正: ```c / a and b must be separated to 2 lines / / Name of structure with typedef must include _t suffix / typedef struct { int32_t a, b; } a;
/ Corrected version / typedef struct { int32_t a; int32_t b; } a_t;
/ Wrong name, it must not include _t suffix / struct name_t { int32_t a; int32_t b; };
/ Wrong parameters, must be all uppercase / typedef enum { MY_ENUM_TESTA, my_enum_testb, } my_enum_t;
- 在声明时初始化结构时,使用C99初始化风格
```c
/* OK */
a_t a = {
.a = 4,
.b = 5,
};
/* Wrong */
a_t a = {1, 2};
当为函数句柄引入
new typedef
时,使用_fn
后缀/* Function accepts 2 parameters and returns uint8_t */
/* Name of typedef has `_fn` suffix */
typedef uint8_t (*my_func_typedef_fn)(uint8_t p1, const char* p2);
复合语句规则
每个复合语句必须包括左花括号和右花括号,即使它只包含1个嵌套语句
- 每个复合语句必须包含单个缩进;嵌套语句时,每个嵌套包含1个缩进大小 ```c / OK / if (c) { do_a(); } else { do_b(); }
/ Wrong / if (c) do_a(); else do_b();
/ Wrong / if (c) do_a(); else do_b();
- 在if或if-else-if语句的情况下,else必须与第一条语句的右括号在同一行
```c
/* OK */
if (a) {
} else if (b) {
} else {
}
/* Wrong */
if (a) {
}
else {
}
/* Wrong */
if (a) {
}
else
{
}
- 在do-while语句的情况下,while部分必须与do部分的右括号在同一行 ```c / OK / do { int32_t a; a = do_a(); do_b(a); } while (check());
/ Wrong / do { / … / } while (check());
/ Wrong / do { / … / } while (check());
- 每一个开括号都需要缩进
```c
if (a) {
do_a();
} else {
do_b();
if (c) {
do_c();
}
}
- 不要做没有花括号的复合语句,即使是单个语句。下面的例子展示了一些不好的做法 ```c if (a) do_b(); else do_c();
if (a) do_a(); else do_b();
- 空while循环、do-while循环或for循环必须包含花括号
```c
/* OK */
while (is_register_bit_set()) {}
/* Wrong */
while (is_register_bit_set());
while (is_register_bit_set()) { }
while (is_register_bit_set()) {
}
- 如果
while
(或for、do-while等)为空(嵌入式编程中也可能是这种情况),请使用空的单行括号 ```c / Wait for bit to be set in embedded hardware unit uint32_t addr = HW_PERIPH_REGISTER_ADDR;
/ Wait bit 13 to be ready / while (addr & (1 << 13)) {} / OK, empty loop contains no spaces inside curly brackets / while (addr & (1 << 13)) { } / Wrong / while (addr & (1 << 13)) { / Wrong */
} while (addr & (1 << 13)); / Wrong, curly brackets are missing. Can lead to compiler warnings or unintentional bugs */
- 尽量避免在循环块内递增变量,参见示例
```c
/* Not recommended */
int32_t a = 0;
while (a < 10) {
.
..
...
++a;
}
/* Better */
for (size_t a = 0; a < 10; ++a) {
}
/* Better, if inc may not happen in every cycle */
for (size_t a = 0; a < 10; ) {
if (...) {
++a;
}
}
分支语句规则
- 为每个
case
语句添加单个缩进 - 使用额外的单缩进
break
语句在每个case
或default
```c / OK, every case has single indent / / OK, every break has additional indent / switch (check()) { case 0:
case 1:do_a();
break;
default:do_b();
break;
}break;
/ Wrong, case indent missing / switch (check()) { case 0: do_a(); break; case 1: do_b(); break; default: break; }
/ Wrong / switch (check()) { case 0: do_a(); break; / Wrong, break must have indent as it is under case / case 1: do_b(); / Wrong, indent under case is missing / break; default: break; }
- 总是包含`default`语句
```c
/* OK */
switch (var) {
case 0:
do_job();
break;
default: break;
}
/* Wrong, default is missing */
switch (var) {
case 0:
do_job();
break;
}
如果需要局部变量,则使用花括号并在里面放入
break
语句。将左花括号放在case
语句的同一行switch (a) {
/* OK */
case 0: {
int32_t a, b;
char c;
a = 5;
/* ... */
break;
}
/* Wrong */
case 1:
{
int32_t a;
break;
}
/* Wrong, break shall be inside */
case 2: {
int32_t a;
}
break;
}
宏和预处理指令
总是使用宏而不是文字常量,特别是对于数字
- 所有的宏必须是全大写的,并带有下划线_字符(可选),除非它们被明确标记为
function
,将来可能会被常规函数语法替换 ```c / OK /define MY_MACRO(x) ((x) * (x))
/ Wrong /
define square(x) ((x) * (x))
- 总是用圆括号保护输入参数
```c
/* OK */
#define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
/* Wrong */
#define MIN(x, y) x < y ? x : y
/ Imagine result of this equation using wrong SUM implementation / int32_t x = 5 SUM(3, 4); / Expected result is 5 7 = 35 / int32_t x = 5 (3) + (4); / It is evaluated to this, final result = 19 which is not what we expect */
/ Correct implementation /
define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
define SUM(x, y) ((x) + (y))
- 当宏使用多个语句时,使用`do-while(0)`语句保护它
```c
typedef struct {
int32_t px, py;
} point_t;
point_t p; /* Define new point */
/* Wrong implementation */
/* Define macro to set point */
#define SET_POINT(p, x, y) (p)->px = (x); (p)->py = (y) /* 2 statements. Last one should not implement semicolon */
SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4); /* Set point to position 3, 4. This evaluates to... */
(&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4); /* ... to this. In this example this is not a problem. */
/* Consider this ugly code, however it is valid by C standard (not recommended) */
if (a) /* If a is true */
if (b) /* If b is true */
SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4);/* Set point to x = 3, y = 4 */
else
SET_POINT(&p, 5, 6);/* Set point to x = 5, y = 6 */
/* Evaluates to code below. Do you see the problem? */
if (a)
if (b)
(&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4);
else
(&p)->px = (5); (&p)->py = (6);
/* Or if we rewrite it a little */
if (a)
if (b)
(&p)->px = (3);
(&p)->py = (4);
else
(&p)->px = (5);
(&p)->py = (6);
/*
* Ask yourself a question: To which `if` statement `else` keyword belongs?
*
* Based on first part of code, answer is straight-forward. To inner `if` statement when we check `b` condition
* Actual answer: Compilation error as `else` belongs nowhere
*/
/* Better and correct implementation of macro */
#define SET_POINT(p, x, y) do { (p)->px = (x); (p)->py = (y); } while (0) /* 2 statements. No semicolon after while loop */
/* Or even better */
#define SET_POINT(p, x, y) do { \ /* Backslash indicates statement continues in new line */
(p)->px = (x); \
(p)->py = (y); \
} while (0) /* 2 statements. No semicolon after while loop */
/* Now original code evaluates to */
if (a)
if (b)
do { (&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4); } while (0);
else
do { (&p)->px = (5); (&p)->py = (6); } while (0);
/* Every part of `if` or `else` contains only `1` inner statement (do-while), hence this is valid evaluation */
/* To make code perfect, use brackets for every if-ifelse-else statements */
if (a) { /* If a is true */
if (b) { /* If b is true */
SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4);/* Set point to x = 3, y = 4 */
} else {
SET_POINT(&p, 5, 6);/* Set point to x = 5, y = 6 */
}
}
- 不缩进子语句内#if语句
```c
/ OK /
if defined(XYZ)
if defined(ABC)
/ do when ABC defined /endif / defined(ABC) /
else / defined(XYZ) /
/ Do when XYZ not defined /endif / !defined(XYZ) /
/ Wrong /
if defined(XYZ)
#if defined(ABC)
/* do when ABC defined */
#endif /* defined(ABC) */
else / defined(XYZ) /
/* Do when XYZ not defined */
endif / !defined(XYZ) /
<a name="SPAv8"></a>
### 文档
- 文档化的代码允许`doxygen`解析和通用的html/pdf/latex输出,因此正确地执行是非常重要的。
- 对变量、函数和结构`/`枚举使用`doxygen`支持的文档样式
- 经常使用`\`作为`doxygen`,不要使用`@`
- 始终使用5x4空格(5个制表符)作为文本行开始的偏移量
```c
/**
* \brief Holds pointer to first entry in linked list
* Beginning of this text is 5 tabs (20 spaces) from beginning of line
*/
static
type_t* list;
- 每个结构/枚举成员都必须包含文档
- 注释的开头使用12x4空格偏移量
```c
/**
- \brief This is point struct
- \note This structure is used to calculate all point
- related stuff
/
typedef struct {
int32_t x; /!< Point X coordinate /
int32_t y; /!< Point Y coordinate /
int32_t size; /!< Point size.
} point_t;Since comment is very big,
you may go to next line */
/**
- \brief Point color enumeration
/
typedef enum {
COLOR_RED, /!< Red color. This comment has 12x4
COLOR_GREEN, /!< Green color / COLOR_BLUE, /!< Blue color / } point_color_t; ```spaces offset from beginning of line */
- 函数的文档必须在函数实现中编写(通常是源文件)
- 函数必须包括简要和所有参数文档
- 如果每个参数分别为in或out输入和输出,则必须注意
- 如果函数返回某个值,则必须包含返回形参。这不适用于void函数
- 函数可以包含其他
doxygen
关键字,如note或warning - 在参数名和描述之间使用冒号:
```c
/**
- \brief Sum
2
numbers - \param[in] a: First number
- \param[in] b: Second number
- \return Sum of input values */ int32_t sum(int32_t a, int32_t b) { return a + b; }
- \brief Sum
/**
- \brief Sum
2
numbers and write it to pointer - \note This function does not return value, it stores it to pointer instead
- \param[in] a: First number
- \param[in] b: Second number
- \param[out] result: Output variable used to save result / void void_sum(int32_t a, int32_t b, int32_t result) { *result = a + b; } ```
- 如果函数返回枚举的成员,则使用
ref
关键字指定哪个成员 ```c /**- \brief My enumeration / typedef enum { MY_ERR, /!< Error value / MY_OK /!< OK value */ } my_enum_t;
/**
- \brief Check some value
- \return \ref MY_OK on success, member of \ref my_enum_t otherwise */ my_enum_t check_value(void) { return MY_OK; } ```
对常量或数字使用符号(‘ NULL ‘ => NULL)
/**
* \brief Get data from input array
* \param[in] in: Input data
* \return Pointer to output data on success, `NULL` otherwise
*/
const void *
get_data(const void* in) {
return in;
}
宏的文档必须包括
hideinitializer doxygen
命令/**
* \brief Get minimal value between `x` and `y`
* \param[in] x: First value
* \param[in] y: Second value
* \return Minimal value between `x` and `y`
* \hideinitializer
*/
#define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
头/源文件
在文件末尾留下一个空行
每个文件都必须包括文件的doxygen注释和后跟空行的简要描述(使用doxygen时)
/**
* \file template.h
* \brief Template include file
*/
/* Here is empty line */
每个文件(头文件或源文件)必须包含许可证(开始注释包括单个星号,因为doxygen必须忽略这个)
- 使用与项目/库已经使用的相同的许可证
```c
/**
- \file template.h
- \brief Template include file */
/*
- Copyright (c) year FirstName LASTNAME *
- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
- obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
- files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction,
- including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
- publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
- and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- subject to the following conditions: *
- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
- included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
- EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
- OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
- HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
- WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
- OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
- This file is part of library_name. *
- Author: FirstName LASTNAME optional_email@example.com */ ```
- 头文件必须包含保护符
#ifndef
- 头文件必须包含c++检查
- 在c++检查之外包含外部头文件
- 首先用STL C文件包含外部头文件,然后是应用程序自定义文件
- 头文件必须包含其他所有头文件,以便正确编译,但不能包含更多头文件(如果需要,.c应该包含其余的头文件)
- 头文件必须只公开模块公共变量/类型/函数
- 在头文件中使用
extern
作为全局模块变量,稍后在源文件中定义它们 ```c / file.h … /ifndef …
extern int32_t my_variable; / This is global variable declaration in header /
endif
/ file.c … / int32_t my_variable; / Actually defined in source /
- 不要把.c文件包含在另一个.c文件中
- .c文件应该首先包含相应的.h文件,然后是其他文件,除非另有明确的必要
- 在头文件中不包含模块私有声明
- 头文件示例(示例中没有`license`)
```c
/* License comes here */
#ifndef TEMPLATE_HDR_H
#define TEMPLATE_HDR_H
/* Include headers */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */
/* File content here */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif /* TEMPLATE_HDR_H */