如何解决ArrayList线程不安全
- 方法1:使用Vector
- 方法2:使用Collections工具类中的Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList) 方法
- 方法3:JUC下的CopyOnWriteArrayList类,写时复制
1. 类图

写时复制、读写分离
public class CopyOnWriteArrayList<E>implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {}
2. 成员变量
/** The lock protecting all mutators */// 可重入锁,执行数组的变换操作时加锁,get操作不用加锁(读共享、写独享)final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();/** The array, accessed only via getArray/setArray. */// 可见性、有序性,存放元素的数组private transient volatile Object[] array;// get、set方法final Object[] getArray() {return array;}/*** Sets the array.*/final void setArray(Object[] a) {array = a;}
3.构造方法
public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {setArray(new Object[0]);}/*** Creates a list containing the elements of the specified* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's* iterator.** @param c the collection of initially held elements* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null*/public CopyOnWriteArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {Object[] elements;if (c.getClass() == CopyOnWriteArrayList.class)elements = ((CopyOnWriteArrayList<?>)c).getArray();else {elements = c.toArray();// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)if (elements.getClass() != Object[].class)elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length, Object[].class);}setArray(elements);}/*** Creates a list holding a copy of the given array.** @param toCopyIn the array (a copy of this array is used as the* internal array)* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null*/public CopyOnWriteArrayList(E[] toCopyIn) {setArray(Arrays.copyOf(toCopyIn, toCopyIn.length, Object[].class));}
4.方法
4.1 add方法
- _public boolean _add(E e):末尾添加元素
- _public void _add(_int _index, E element) :指定位置添加元素
- _public boolean _addIfAbsent(E e):如果不存在加入元素
- _public boolean _addAll(Collection<? _extends _E> c)
- _public boolean _addAll(_int _index, Collection<? _extends _E> c)
_public boolean _add(E e)
public boolean add(E e) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;// 获取独占锁lock.lock();try {// 获取数组内容Object[] elements = getArray();// 长度int len = elements.length;// 复制一份新的,长度为原长度+1Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);// 放入结尾新增的元素enewElements[len] = e;// 重新赋值原数组setArray(newElements);return true;} finally {// 释放独占锁lock.unlock();}}
- CopyOnWriteArrayList是如何保证【写】时线程安全的?因为用了ReentrantLock独占锁,保证同时只有一个线程对集合进行修改操作。
- 数据是存储在CopyOnWriteArrayList中的array数组中的。
- 在添加元素的时候,并不是直接往array里面add元素,而是复制出来了一个新的数组,并且复制出来的数组的长度是 【旧数组的长度+1】,再把旧的数组替换成新的数组,这是尤其需要注意的。
_public void _add(_int _index, E element)
public void add(int index, E element) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;lock.lock();try {Object[] elements = getArray();int len = elements.length;// index合法性检查if (index > len || index < 0)throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+", Size: "+len);// 以下添加元素的思想同ArrayListObject[] newElements;// 获取移动的元素个数int numMoved = len - index;if (numMoved == 0)// 复制新的,在末尾添加就可以了newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);else {// 在index前后分段复制newElements = new Object[len + 1];System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1,numMoved);}newElements[index] = element;// 重新赋值原数组setArray(newElements);} finally {lock.unlock();}}
_public boolean _addIfAbsent(E e)
public boolean addIfAbsent(E e) {Object[] snapshot = getArray();// 先判断当前快照的数组有没有这个元素,没有就进入addIfAbsent方法添加return indexOf(e, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length) >= 0 ? false :addIfAbsent(e, snapshot);}/*** A version of addIfAbsent using the strong hint that given* recent snapshot does not contain e.*/// 快照加private boolean addIfAbsent(E e, Object[] snapshot) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;lock.lock();try {Object[] current = getArray();int len = current.length;// 如果快照和当前最新的数组地址不一致,说明被别的线程动了if (snapshot != current) {// Optimize for lost race to another addXXX operation// 计算较小的长度int common = Math.min(snapshot.length, len);// 遍历,for (int i = 0; i < common; i++)// 如果当前数组和快照数组中i对应的位置的值不相等,且if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(e, current[i]))return false;if (indexOf(e, current, common, len) >= 0)return false;}// 否则,没有别人动,可以添加Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(current, len + 1);newElements[len] = e;setArray(newElements);return true;} finally {lock.unlock();}}
存快照
4.2 查找方法
- _public boolean _contains(Object o)
- _public _E get(_int _index) :共享的不加锁。存在弱一致性问题,别人修改的时候该线程不知道
public E get(int index) {return get(getArray(), index);}private E get(Object[] a, int index) {return (E) a[index];}
// 取当前的array查询public boolean contains(Object o) {Object[] elements = getArray();return indexOf(o, elements, 0, elements.length) >= 0;}private static int indexOf(Object o, Object[] elements,int index, int fence) {if (o == null) {for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)if (elements[i] == null)return i;} else {for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)if (o.equals(elements[i]))return i;}return -1;}
4.3 修改方法
public E set(int index, E element) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;lock.lock();try {// 拿到当前的array数组Object[] elements = getArray();E oldValue = get(elements, index);如果oldValue和新值不相等if (oldValue != element) {int len = elements.length;// 先复制一份,在新数组中修改,在重新赋值回去Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);newElements[index] = element;setArray(newElements);} else {// 为了保证volatile 语义,即使没有修改,也要替换成新的数组// Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semanticssetArray(elements);}return oldValue;} finally {lock.unlock();}}
4.4 删除方法
根据值删除
// 如果存在,删除第一个出现的o元素;否则不变public boolean remove(Object o) {Object[] snapshot = getArray();int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);}// 找它所在的位置,返回坐标private static int indexOf(Object o, Object[] elements,int index, int fence) {if (o == null) {for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)if (elements[i] == null)return i;} else {for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)if (o.equals(elements[i]))return i;}return -1;}// 快照删private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;lock.lock();try {Object[] current = getArray();int len = current.length;if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {int prefix = Math.min(index, len);for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {index = i;break findIndex;}}if (index >= len)return false;if (current[index] == o)break findIndex;index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);if (index < 0)return false;}Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,newElements, index,len - index - 1);setArray(newElements);return true;} finally {lock.unlock();}}
根据下标删除
public E remove(int index) {final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;lock.lock();try {Object[] elements = getArray();int len = elements.length;// 获取该位置的元素oldValueE oldValue = get(elements, index);// 计算移动的个数int numMoved = len - index - 1;// 如果移动个数为0if (numMoved == 0)// 为了保证volatile 语义,即使没有修改,也要替换成新的数组setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));else {// 否则,需要删除,同样new一个新数组进行操作,最后再重新赋值Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];// 在index前后分两段复制System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,numMoved);setArray(newElements);}return oldValue;} finally {lock.unlock();}}
