Text 1

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net.

F:Wild Bill Donovan会爱上互联网。
S:“疯狂比尔”多诺万(如若在世)肯定会爱上互联网。

The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.

F:美国间谍大师会构建第二次世界大战战略服务工作室并打下CIA的基础来促进信息收集。

lay the root 打下基础

S:这位曾在二战期间建立美国战略情报局,后又为中央情报局打下根基的间谍大师痴迷于情报。

Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.”

F:多诺万相信间谍活动的大博弈中,可以使用任何工具——间谍是一种“职业”。

espionage 间谍活动

S:多诺万相信,在职业间谍活动这一“绝妙游戏”中可以使用手头可用的任何工具。

These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.

F:这些日子的互联网,早已重新将类似买书和发送邮件这样的每日活动重新实现了,也在重塑多诺万的职业。
S:互联网已经重塑了像购书和发送邮件这样的每日消遣,而今也在重塑多诺万曾经从事的职业。

The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.

F:最近的革命不仅仅是一个人阅读另一个人的邮件的事情。
S:这场最新变革不仅仅限于偷看别人的电子邮件这样的事情。

That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.

F:这种电子间谍耕作了数十年之久。在前三或四年,万维网为了一种点击间谍工厂而诞生。
S:这种网络间谍活动已经持续了数十年。在过去的三四年中,万维网已经催生了点击谍报这一整个产业。

The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.

F:特工们称它为“开源智能”,并且随着互联网发展,他会变得越来越有影响力。

spook 间谍;特工;幽灵

S:间谍们称之为“开源情报”,且随着互联网的发展,它的影响力也日益增强。

In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.

F:1995年CIA举办了一张比赛,以观测什么人可以编译Burundi最多的数据。

contest 争辩;比赛;竞赛 compile 汇编;编译

S:1995年,美国中央情报局曾举办过一次竞赛,看谁能收集到布隆迪的最多信息。

The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.

F:胜者是一个名叫开源方式的小公司,它可以获得一大笔奖金,这明显的优势是它精通电子世界。

margin 页边空白;差额,幅度;盈余,利润 mastery 精通,熟练掌握;控制,驾驭

S:以绝对优势赢下比赛的是弗吉尼亚州一家名为“开源解决方案”的小公司,其明显优势在于对网络世界的精通。

Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.

F:这些公司中在新世界作出最大动作的是Straitford, Inc.,坐落在德州奥斯汀的一个私人情报分析公司。
S:在这个新领域里最引起轰动的公司之一是斯特雷弗特公司,它是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一家私人情报分析公司。

Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.

F:Straitford贩卖间谍情报给诸如能源服务公司McDermott International这样的合作伙伴来获取利润(覆盖国家从智利到俄罗斯)。

corporation 企业;有限公司

S:该公司通过将其谍报成功(涵括从智利到俄罗斯等国)出售给大型公司(诸如能源服务公司“麦克德莫特国际”)来谋取利润。

Many of its predictions are available online at .

F:它的许多预测都可以在线查看。
S:该公司的许多分析预测都可以从其网站上获取。

Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream.

F:Straiford主席George Friedman说道,他认为网上世界像是一种为了信息收集和发送的增强彼此的工具,是一个间谍大师梦想。

mutually 相互地,共同地;彼此的

S:斯特雷弗特公司总裁乔治弗莱德曼说,他把网络世界视为使情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具,这是间谍大师的梦想。

Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.

F:上周它的公司忙于清空世界偏远角落的数据并预测乌克兰的危机。

vacuum 利用真空的;真空的;产生真空的;吸尘,吸取

S:上周,他的公司正忙于从世界的偏僻角落手机零散信息,并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。

“As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor.

F:“一旦报告发出,我们将立即获得500个来自乌克兰的新互联网用户”,前任政治科学家Friedman说道。

former 从前的;以前的;前任的

S:这一报道一旦发布,我们将立即获得500位来自乌克兰的新注册用户,曾经当过政治学教授的弗莱德曼说道。

“And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.

F:“并且我们会听到他们的一些反馈。”开源间谍有他的风险,当然,因为很难将一个坏消息变成好消息。

tell A from B 将A与B区别开

S:“我们还将获得其中一些人的反馈。”当然,开源谍报的确有它的风险,因为会很难辨别信息的真伪。

That’s where Straitford earns its keep.

F:这是Straitford保证盈利的点。
S:但这正是斯特雷弗特公司谋生之所在。

Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.

F:Friedman依赖20个奥斯汀市的干练员工。

lean 倾斜;倚靠;精简的,效率高的;瘦且健康的

S:弗莱德曼依赖的只是奥斯汀市的区区20名精干雇员。

Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.

F:他员工中的一些人具有军队情报背景。

military 军事的,军队的

S:其中几位员工有军事情报工作的背景。

He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success.

F:他将公司的外界地位视作它成功的关键。
S:他视公司的“局外人”身份为其成功的关键。

Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.

F:Straitford的纲领不认为日常华盛顿是反复无常的,那里的政策避免剧变,因为他们可能会出错。

on the chance 以防(万一) brief 短暂的;简短的;任务简介;摘要,概要;

S:斯特雷弗特公司的简报听上去不像“华盛顿”那样常闪烁其词,政府机构以此来避免发布惹人注目的言论,以防出错。

Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

F:弗雷德曼说,Straitford以它独立的声音而自豪。
S:弗雷德曼说,斯特雷弗特公司为其独立的声感到自豪。

  1. The emergence of the Net has . //互联网的出现已经 D-B
    [A] received support from fans like Donovan //得到多诺万这样的爱好者的支持
    [B] remolded the intelligence services //改变了情报收集工作
    [C] restored many common pastimes //恢复了许多普通的消遣活动
    [D] revived spying as a profession //复兴了谍报的这个职业
    22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to . //文中提到多诺万的故事是为了
    A-A
    [A] introduce the topic of online spying //引入网上谍报这个话题
    [B] show how he fought for the US //展示多诺万是如何为美国效力的
    [C] give an episode of the information war //提供信息战的一个片段
    [D] honor his unique services to the CIA //表彰他为中情局所做出的独特贡献
    23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probably means . //短语“making the biggest splash”(第三段第一行)最可能的含义是 C-D-C
    [A] causing the biggest trouble //引起最大的麻烦
    [B] exerting the greatest effort //作出的最大的努力
    [C] achieving the greatest success //取得最大的成功
    [D] enjoying the widest popularity //受到最广泛的欢迎
    24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . //从文章第四段可以了解到_
    B-C-D
    [A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true //Straitford 关于乌克兰的预测已经被证实正确
    [B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information //Straitford保证它提供的情报的真实性
    [C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability //Straitford的业务是不可预测
    [D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information //Straitford能够提供相当可靠的情报
    25. Straitford is most proud of its . //Straitford最引以为豪的是它的__ A-B
    [A] official status //官方地位
    [B] nonconformist image //不随大流的形象
    [C] efficient staff //有效率的员工
    [D] military background //军事背景

emergence 浮现;突现;涌现 remould 改造;重铸;重塑 (remold) intelligence 智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报
restore 恢复;修复;恢复
pastime 娱乐,消遣
episode 插曲;(人生的)一段经历 nonconformist 不墨守成规的人;不符合传统规范的人

Text 2

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”

F:套用18世纪政治家Edmund Burke的话,“所有误入歧途的事件成功的前提是好人什么都不做。

paraphrase 释义;解释;意译 statesman 政治家

S:解释一下18世纪的政治家埃德蒙伯克的话:一项以错误观念为指导的事业要得逞,只需好人无所作为。

One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.

F:其中一件事情正在试图结束生物研究,因为动物有权的理论阻止了将它们用于研究。

rule out sth. 阻止某事发生

S:如今就有这样一项事业试图终止生物医学研究,因为存在这样一种看法:动物享有不被用于研究的权利。

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.

F:科学家们需要有力地回应动物权益保护者们,他们的主张迷惑了公众并且威胁了卫生知识和医疗的进步。

confuse 使糊涂,使迷惑;混淆

S:科学家需要强有力地回应动物权利鼓吹者,后者的言论正混淆公众的视听,从而威胁到医疗知识和保健的进步。

Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.

F:动物权利运动领袖的目标是生物医学研究,因为这依赖于公共资金,一小部分人理解卫生保健研究的过程。
S:动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究,原因在于它依赖公共资金,并且很少有人了解医疗保健研究的过程。

Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

F:听到针对动物研究背景的残酷指控,许多人被蛊惑认为所有人都在故意伤害动物。

perplex 使困惑,使茫然 deliberate 仔细考虑,认真商讨;故意的,蓄意的

S:听到研究场所中残忍对待动物的指控时,许多人感到费解,竟有人会故意伤害动物。

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.

F:比如,一个在附近街道的动物权利宣传亭工作的老奶奶正分发一种小册子,鼓动读者不要使用任何来自或是在动物身上试验的东西——无肉,无皮毛,无药物。

fair 展销会;公平

S:例如,在最近的一次街头集市上,一位在动物权利展会上工作的老奶奶在分发小册子,劝人们不要使用任何动物制品或动物实验制品——包括肉类、毛皮和药物。

Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.

F:当问她是否拒绝接种疫苗时,她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。

immunization 免疫,免疫接种

S:在被问到是否反对免疫接种时,她想先知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。

When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.

F:但我们确实是这样的时,她回复道,“那我不得不说,是的”。问她流行病重现时会发生什么,她说道,“不要担心,科学家会用计算机找到某些方法的。”一些好人不理解。

well - meaning 善意的;好心的

S:当被告知的确如此时,她回答道:“那么,我不得不说是的。”在被问到再次出现流行病怎么办时,她说道:“别担心,科学家会利用计算机找到某种办法的。”这样的好心人确实不了解情况。

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.

F:科学家必须同情地将他们的信息与公众沟通,用可以理解的方式——人性,而不是分子生物学的语言。

compassion 同情,怜悯

S:科学家必须以富有同情心和易于理解的方式把他们的信息传达给公众——用普通人的语言,而不是分子生物学的术语。

We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots.

F:我们需要弄清楚动物研究和母性之间的替代性关系,父亲的绕过操作,孩子的疫苗甚至是宠物的照片。
S:我们需要说明动物研究与祖母的髋骨置换、父亲的心脏搭桥手术,婴儿的疫苗接种,甚至宠物的疫苗注射都密切相关。

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

F:那些人没有意识到生产这些药物必须进行动物研究,和新药物、疫苗一样,动物研究往好了说是浪费,往坏了说是残酷。
S:对于那些不明白进行动物研究是为了研发这些疗法以及其他新的疗法和疫苗的人来说,动物研究说的好听点似乎是浪费,说得难听点就是残忍。

Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research.

F:还有很多事情可以做。科学家可以“适应”中学课堂并且展示他们自己的研究成果。
S:有许多事情可以做。科学家可以“认领”中学班级并介绍自己的研究。

They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

F:他们可以迅速的以信件方式给编辑作出回应,以免动物权利的误导信息没有阻挡,并营造出一种真相般的假象。

lest 以免,避免;唯恐 deceptive 欺骗性的,造成假象的 appearance 露面,演出;到场;外表,外观;表面现象

S:他们应迅速恢复读者来信,以免动物权利的误导性言论大行其道并披上真理的外衣骗人。

Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.

F:研究机构应该开放给游客,展示实验室的动物受到人道照顾。
S:研究机构可开放参观,以表明实验室中的动物得到了人道关怀。

Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

F:最后,因为最终的利益相关者是父母,卫生研究所应该积极招聘,不仅仅是像Stephen Cooper这样勇敢创造动物研究价值的知名人士,还要接纳所有受过药物治疗的人。

stakeholder 利益相关者 recruit 招聘;招收
courage 勇气,胆量

S:最后,因为最终的利益相关者是病人,所以医疗研究团体不仅应积极争取斯蒂芬库博这样曾大胆阐述动物研究价值的名人来支持自己的事业,还应争取所有接受治疗的人的支持。

If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

F:如果好人不做事,无知的人们真的可能将珍贵的药物进步的火苗熄灭。

uniform 一致的;统一的;制服;校服 uniformed 无知的;未被通知的;未受教育的;不学无术 citizen 市民 extinguish 熄灭;扑灭 ember 余火,余烬 progress 进展;进步;进程;前进

S:如果好人无所作为,不明真相的公众就真的又可能扑灭医学进步的珍贵火种。

  1. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to . //作者在开篇引述埃德蒙伯克的话的用意在于 D-B-A
    [A] call on scientists to take some actions //呼吁科学家采取行动
    [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights //批评以错误观念为指导的动物权利事业
    [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research //预警生物医学研究的厄运
    [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement //表明动物权利运动的胜利
    27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is . //被误导的人们往往认为:用动物做研究是
    C-B-B
    [A] cruel but natural //残酷且正常的
    [B] inhuman and unacceptable //不人道且不可接受的
    [C] inevitable but vicious //不可避免且不道德的
    [D] pointless and wasteful //无意义且浪费的
    28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s . //“老奶奶”这个例子被用来说明公众_ C-B—B
    [A] discontent with animal research //对动物研究的不满
    [B] ignorance about medical science //对医学的无知
    [C] indifference to epidemics //对传染病漠不关心
    [D] anxiety about animal rights //对动物权利的忧虑
    29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should . //作者认为,面对来自动物权利鼓吹者的挑战,科学家应该
    A-A-A
    [A] communicate more with the public //多于公众交流
    [B] employ hi-tech means in research //多在研究中采用高科技手段
    [C] feel no shame for their cause //无需对他们的事业感到羞耻
    [D] strive to develop new cures //努力开发新的治疗方法
    30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is . //从文章提供的信息中我们了解到斯蒂芬库博是_ D-D-D
    [A] a well-known humanis // 一位著名的人道主义者
    [B] a medical practitioner //一位医疗从业者
    [C] an enthusiast in animal rights //一位动物权利热衷者
    [D] a supporter of animal research //一位动物研究的支持者

cause 原因;事业 triumph 战胜;成功;巨大成功;重大成就 cruel 残酷的;冷酷的;无情的 inevitable 必然的;无法避免的 vicious 凶险的,会造成伤害的;严厉的,恶毒的 content 满足的,满意的;目录;内容 indifferent 冷淡的,不关心的
epidemic 流行病,传染病 strive 努力;奋斗;力求;力争

Text 3

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.

F:近些年,铁路彼此结合,并入超级系统,导致垄断的担忧日益增加。
S:近年来,铁路公司一直在彼此联合,兼并成超级体系,这导致人们对垄断的担忧加剧。

As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.

F:最近的1995年,四大铁路公司占据了近铁路总里程的70%。
S:近至1995年,四家主要铁路公司(还只)占铁路运营总量的不到70%。

Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

F:第二年,经过一系列兼并完成,仅四大铁路公司就占据了超9成铁路总里程。

freight 货物;货运;运费

S:到明年,一系列兼并活动完成之后,仅仅四家铁路公司掌控主要铁路公司货运总量的比例将远超90%。

Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.

F:新超级体系的支持者们声称,合并会使物料成本减少并会提供更好的协调服务。

allow for 使有可能;考虑到,顾及 substance 物质;实质;内容 substantial 实质的;大量的

S:这些新超级体系的支持者认为,这些兼并将带来大幅度的成本降低和更加协调的服务。

Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.

F:他们声称,任何垄断威胁都会在卡车的强力竞争下消失。
S:他们认为,任何垄断的威胁都会因为公路运输的激烈竞争而得以消除。

But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

F:但很多托运商抱怨类似煤炭、化学品、粮食这样的大宗商品在长距离运输方面,公路运输成本太高而导致铁路运输卡住他们的脖子。

bulk 大部分;主体;大宗的

S:但许多托运商抱怨说,对于像煤炭、化学制品和谷物这类需要长途运输的大宗商品,公路运输成本太高,因而铁路公司会扼住其咽喉。

The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company.

F:大部分铁路合并意味着托运商只能选择一家铁路公司的服务。
S:铁路运输行业的大规模合并意味着多数运营商仅由一家铁路公司服务。

Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.

F:铁路普通费用对于被限制的托运商来说比以往有另一个铁路公司在商业竞争的时候要多出20%到30%。
S:通常,铁路公司对这些“受制”托运商的收费要比存在另一家铁路公司竞争业务时高出20%至30%。

Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

F:感到收费过高的托运商有权向国家陆地交通局申请费用减免,但过程中时间成本很高并且它只在很苛刻的条件下才生效。
S:如果托运商觉得被过高索价,他们有权向联邦政府的地面运输委员会申诉,请求降低费用,但这个过程既耗财又耗时,并且只有在极端的情况下才有效。

Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost.

F:铁路对受制的托运商价格区别对待的理由是从长远角度来看,减少了大家的成本。

discrimination 歧视;识别;辨别;区别 on the grounds that 鉴于…的理由 in the long run 从长远看

S:铁路公司认为对受制托运商实行差别收费是合理的,理由是从长远来看,这样做会降低所有人的成本。

If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

F:如果铁路公司对所有谷歌都收取相同的费用,那么托运商认为他们才有了换用公路或者其他形式的运输方式的选择,剩下的顾客来分担标准线上的成本。
S:他们认为,如果铁路公司向所有托运商都收取同样的平均费用的话,那么可以选择使用公路运输或其他运输方式的托运商将会转而选择这些方式,使剩余的托运商承担铁路运营的成本费用。

It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

F:这是许多经济学家赞同的理论,但在实际中经常置铁路于公司繁荣或失败的决定性位置。
S:这是许多经济学家支持的理论,但实际上,该理论常常使得铁路公司处于有权决定哪家公司盈利、哪家公司亏损的地位。

“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.

F:“我们真的想要铁路公司成为市场上谁输谁赢的决定者吗?”一个经常代表托运商的华盛顿律师Martin Bercovici问道。
S:“难道我们真的想让铁路公司成为市场上决定谁成谁败的裁决者?”华盛顿一位常为托运商辩护的律师问道。

Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.

F:许多受制的托运商同样担心会受到一轮费用增长的打击。
S:许多“受制”托运商还担心他们很快将遭受一轮费用大涨的打击。

The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.

F:铁路工业也是一样,尽管它幸运地发展起来,但仍然没有回本,它必须继续投资以跟上发展的交通。

keep up with… 跟上;保持同步

S:对整个铁路行业来说,尽管前景大好,但它的收入目前依然不足以支付为满足迅速增长的运输而必须投入的资金。

Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.

F:但是铁路公司继续贷款数十亿美元去接另一个单,华尔街为此欢呼。
S:然而铁路公司依然继续贷款数十亿美元来进行相互并购,华尔街则在一旁打气叫好。

Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.

F:想想看今年年由Norfolk Southern和CSX10.2亿刀拿下的Conrail。
S:想一想今年Norfolk Southern和CSX公司为收购康磊儿公司所给出的102亿美元的报价吧。

Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction.

F:Conrail1996年的铁路网操作收入仅为4.27亿刀,比其承受的交易成本的一半还要少。
S:康磊儿公司1996年的铁路运营纯收入仅为4.27亿美元,还不足这宗交易运作成本的一半。

Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill?

F:谁会付剩下的账单呢?

rest 休息,放松;剩余部分

S:谁来支付其余的费用呢?

Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

F:很多受制的托运商害怕是他们,随着这俩公司增加他们对市场的掌控力。
S:随着这俩公司对市场掌控力的增强,许多“受制”托运商担心他们将承担这部分费用。

  1. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because //支持合并的人认为铁路行业的垄断不可能形成,因为 C-C-C
    [A] cost reduction is based on competition. //成本的降低是以竞争为基础的
    [B] services call for cross-trade coordination. //服务需要跨行业的协调
    [C] outside competitors will continue to exist. //外部竞争者将继续存在
    [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat. //托运商将会扼住铁路公司的咽喉
    32. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? //很多“受制”托运商对铁路行业的合并持什么样的态度?D-D-D
    [A] Indifferent. //漠不关心
    [B] Supportive. //支持
    [C] Indignant. //愤怒
    [D] Apprehensive. //忧虑
    33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that . //从第三段可以推出_
    C-C-C
    [A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad. //如果没有其他铁路公司竞争,托运商被索取的费用将少一些
    [B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide. //很快全国将只有一家铁路公司
    [C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief. //被过高索价的托运商不大可能为减少费用而申诉
    [D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business. //政府部门保证铁路行业的公平竞争
    34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those . //“arbiters”一词最可能是指那些 B-B-B
    [A] who work as coordinators. //起协调作用的人
    [B] who function as judges. //起判定者作用的人
    [C] who supervise transactions. //监督交易的人
    [D] who determine the price. //制定价格的人
    35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by . //根据文章,铁路行业成本增加的主要原因是
    B-B-A
    [A] the continuing acquisition. //持续的收购
    [B] the growing traffic. //不断增长的运输量
    [C] the cheering Wall Street. //欢呼的华尔街
    [D] the shrinking market. //萎缩的市场

merger (公司、组织的)合并 coordinate 协调,配合 throat 喉咙,咽喉 shipper 托运人,发货人
apprehend 逮捕,拘押; 理解,领会 apprehensive 忧虑的,担心的 rival 竞争对手,敌手,与……相匹敌 overcharge 对……要价(或收费)过高;使(电池)充电过度 acquisition 学得,习得;(多指贵重的)购得物

Text 4

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.

F:据说在英国,死亡是紧迫的,在加拿大是不可避免的,在加利福尼亚是可选择的。
S:据说,死亡在英国是难以抗拒的,在加拿大是难以避免的,在加利福尼亚则是可以选择的。

Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.

F:不足为奇。美国人的生活期望几乎比上世纪翻了一番。
S:这不足为奇。在刚过去的这个世纪里,美国人的预期寿命延长了将近一倍。

Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.

F:坏掉的骨头直接换掉,临床抑郁受控,白内障在30分钟内的外科手术流中消除。

clinical 门诊的,临床的;冷静的,无感情的 depression 抑郁,沮丧;萧条
cataract 白内障;大瀑布;急流,奔流,倾盆大雨
surgical 外科的;外科手术的 procedure 步骤;手术

S:髋关节出毛病可以更换,临床抑郁症可以控制,白内障只需30分钟外科手术便可以切除。

Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.

F:这些进步使得老年人口的生活质量在50年前的医疗水平下不敢想象。
S:这些进步给老龄人口带来的高质量生活,在50年前我刚开始从事医务工作时,是无法想象的。

But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

F:但即使有一个很好的健康保护系统,也不能治愈死亡——我们无法正视这个威胁我们伟大的现实。

failure 失败;未做到

S:但即便是“伟大的”医疗体系也无法治愈死亡——我们未能正视这一现实,这一点正危及着我们医疗体系的伟大。

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.

F:死亡是正常的;我们生来总归是要湮灭的,即使是理想的情况。

genetical 遗传的;起源的;创始的 disintegrate 瓦解;解体;分裂;崩溃

S:死亡是正常的;我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也必将衰老和死亡。

We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.

F:我们都在某种层面上理解,即作为医疗消费着我们对待死亡像对待一个要去解决的问题一样。
S:我们所有人都在某种程度上懂得这一点,但是作为医疗消费者,我们却将死亡视为一个问题来解决。

Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.

F:由第三方支付我们的医疗费用,我们需要尽可能的一切东西,尽管是无用的。

third-party 第三方

S:由于收到第三方付款人的保护免交医疗护理的费用,我们便要求用尽一切可能的医疗手段,即使他们毫无作用。

The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care.

F:最明显的例子就是晚期癌症治疗。
S:最明显的例子便是癌症晚期的护理。

Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

F:沮丧的医生无法治愈这个病,而且害怕失去希望的病人——经常使用过度的医疗手段远远超过科学合理的限度。

frustrated 沮丧的;失败的

S:医生由于无法治愈这种疾病而感到沮丧,同时又担心病人失去希望,于是常常提供远远超出科学合理范围的大胆的治疗方法。

In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care.

F:1950年,US在医疗上花费127亿刀。
S:1950年,美国在医疗护理方面花费了127亿美元。

In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.

F:2002年,花费达到1万5千4百亿刀。所有人都看出这种不可持续的趋势。
S:2002年这项开支将达到15400亿美元。人人都明白这种趋势不可持续。

Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.

F:但似乎很少有人愿意去逆转它。
S:但好像几乎没人愿意设法去扭转它。

Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so.

F:一些学者得出结论——政府有限的资源应该干脆停止支付超过一定可持续年限的医疗保障,比如83岁。

certain 肯定;确定;某个,某些

S:有些学者断言,财力有限的政府就应该停止为维持超过一定年龄的生命支付医疗费用——比如83岁左右。

Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

F:某省省长Richard Lamm曾引用说年老体弱的人“有责任去死,并给其他人让道”,以使年轻、健康的人意识到自己的潜力。

governor 州长,省长,总督 infirm 虚弱的;柔弱的;

S:有人引用科罗拉多州前州长理查德拉姆的话说,年老体弱者“有义务死去和让位”,以便让更年轻、更健康的人能够实现他们的潜能。

I would not go that far.

F:我不会这么极端。

go that far 走得太远;做的过分

S:我不会如此极端。

Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.

F:激情的人如今按部就班地工作到他们60岁乃至更多,并保持耀眼的生产力。
S:现在精力充沛的人通常能工作到60岁升至更久,并仍然保持惊人的高效。

At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.

F:在78岁时,Viacom董事长Sumner Redstone开玩笑说他53岁。
S:某总裁在其78岁时开玩笑说自己只有53岁。

Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.

F:某法官70岁,前任什么局长在80岁领导互联网初创公司。

surgeon general 卫生局局长 surgeon 外科医生

S:大致如上。

These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.

F:这些领导的生活证明预防工作以及我们可以应对随着年龄到来的健康问题。

proof 证明;证据;检验;证实;防…的
prevent 阻止,阻碍;防止,预防 manage 管理,处理;操纵;设法做到;应对

S:这些领导就是活生生的证据,证明对疾病的防治是有效的,证明我们能够应对随着年龄自然而来的健康问题。

As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.

F:作为一个68岁的人,我希望像他们一样老得生机勃勃。
S:作为一名年仅68岁的人,我希望像他们一样在老龄阶段保持高效。

Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.

F:然而社会的花费是有限的。

pursuit 追求;追赶;追捕

S:然而在这样的追求中,一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。

As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.

F:作为一个医生,我知道大部分消费和剧烈程度可能无效和遗憾。

measure 措施,办法;程度;测量

S:作为一名医生,我甚至最昂贵、最激进的手段可能是无效且令人痛苦的。

I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.

F:我也知道在立本和瑞典,国家在医疗护理的开销远少于美国,他们们实现了比我们更长、更健康的生活。
S:我也了解到在日本和瑞典这些医疗开销少得多的国家,人们获得了比我们更长的寿命、更健康的生活。

As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.

F:做为一个国家,我们可能过度拨款给寻求不可能的疗法,而更下里巴人能够改善人们生活的理论的投资却不足。

overfund 过度投资 underfund 投资过少

S:作为一个国家,我们可能在寻求治愈希望渺茫的疗法上花钱太多,而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更常规的疗法上花钱太少。

  1. What is implied in the first sentence? //文章第一句话暗示了什么? B-A-C
    [A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people. //美国人在死亡面前比其他人更有准备。
    [B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. //美国人的生活质量比从前任何时候更高
    [C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology. //美国人对他们的医疗技术过于自信
    [D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. //美国人对其长寿盲目骄傲
    37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that . //作者用“癌症病人”的例子是为了表明 A-A-A
    [A] medical resources are often wasted //医疗资源经常被浪费
    [B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases //医生对致命疾病束手无策
    [C] some treatments are too aggressive //有些治疗方案太过大胆
    [D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable //医疗费用正变的负担不起
    38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of _
    . //作者对理查德拉姆的言论持有的态度是_ B-B-B
    [A] strong disapproval //强烈反对
    [B] reserved consent //有保留的赞同
    [C] slight contempt //稍有蔑视
    [D] enthusiastic support //热烈支持
    39. In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care __. //与美国相比,日本和瑞典对医疗的投资_ D-D-D
    [A] more flexibly //更灵活
    [B] more extravagantly //更奢侈
    [C] more cautiously //更谨慎
    [D] more reasonably //更合理
    40. The text intends to express the idea that _. //文章所要表达的观点是_ D-D-C
    [A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives //医学将进一步延长人们的生命
    [B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living //超过一定限度,生命就不值得延续
    [C] death should be accepted as a fact of life //死亡应该作为不可更改的事实被接受
    [D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care //过分的要求增加了医疗保健的花费

vain 虚荣的,自负的;徒劳的
expectancy 期待,期望 consent 许可,允许;同意,赞同 contempt 蔑视;轻蔑;鄙视 contrast 对比;对照;反差