Text1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Fir:如果你打算在你的谈话中运用幽默使人开心的话，你必须知道怎样识别出共同的经历和问题。你的幽默必须与听众有关联，而且应该有助于展示出你是他们中的一个或者说你理解他们的境遇并且赞同他们的观点。基于你的位置，问题将会不同。如果你跟一群经理讲话，你们可能谈到他们秘书没有条理的方法；或是你站在秘书角度，你可能想要评论他们没有条理的老板。
share 分享，共享；股份 shared 分享；共有的 sympathy 同情；赞同；支持 refer 提到，谈及；查阅，参考 secretary 秘书，助理
alternative 可供选择的事物，替代物 alternatively 或者，要不；二选一的
Sec:如果你想要在演讲中用幽默来使人发笑，你必须知道如何识别与听众共有的经历和问题。你的幽默必须与听众密切相关，且应该有助于向他们表明你是他们中的一员，或者你理解、体谅他们的处境，也赞同他们的观点。根据演讲对象的不同，讨论的问题也会有所不同。如果是在同经理们谈话，你可以谈谈其秘书们缺乏条理的做事方式；反之，如果你是在同秘书们讲话，你可以说说他们组织不善的老板。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.
F:这是一个我在护士大会上听到的例子，是一个工作的不错的故事，因为听众对医生的看法都是一样的。
convension 大会；会议；习俗；惯例；
S:下面举个例子，它是我在一次护士大会上听到的。这个故事之所以效果很好，是因为在场的听众对医生都持相同的看法。
A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter.
F:一个人到了天堂并且出现在了圣彼得旁边。
S:一个人来到天堂，正由圣彼得带着四处参观。
He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.
F:他看到精美的住所，漂亮的花园，晴朗的天气，如此种种。
S:他看到了怡人的住所、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。
Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.
F:每个人都十分平和，有礼貌并且一直很友善，排队等待着午饭，新来的突然被一个穿着白大褂的人推到旁边，他冲向队首，抓着他的食物就冲向了他自己的桌子。
S:人人都很和善、礼貌、友爱，直到排队等候午餐时，这位新来的被一位身穿白大褂的人猛的推到一旁，只见他冲到队伍最前面，一把夺过食物，等等等地踩着重步穿行而过、独自一人走向餐桌。
“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
F:“这是谁？”新来的问圣彼得。“奥，这是神，”他回答道，“但有时他认为他是一个医生。”
reply 回答，回应，答复
S:“那是谁？”新来的问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时他以为自己是医生。”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.
F:如果你是你演讲对象中的一员的话，你会成为一个知道大部分人的经历和问题的角色，并且这会让你随心所欲的评论餐厅恶心的饭菜或是董事长臭名昭著的领带品味。
appropriate 适当的；合适的；
passing 暂时的；瞬间的；经过的；过往的；顺带提及的 inedible 不能吃的；不宜食用的 canteen 食堂；餐厅
S:如果你是听众群体中的一员，你就能理解你们所有人共有的经历和问题，也就可以顺便对食堂里极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面出了名的差劲品味评头论足。
With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.
F:在和听众们聊天时你不能试图幽默地插入进去，因为他们不喜欢一个外人来诋毁他们的餐厅或老板。
cut in 突然插入；插嘴，打断 resent 怨恨；生气；憎恶 outsider 外来者；圈外人；旁观者 disparage 蔑视；贬损；轻蔑
S:而对于其他听众，你千万不要试图插入这类幽默，因为他们会反感一个外人对他们的食堂或领导发表轻蔑性的评论。
You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
F:如果你坚持做一个邮局或电话系统这样的替罪羊的话，你将会处于更安全的环境。
scapegoat 替罪羊 stick to 坚持做
S:如果你照旧调侃像邮局或电话系统这样的“替罪羊”，则会更安全。
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.
F:如果你觉得幽默的过程很尴尬，你需要锻炼得使它更自然。
S:如果你在表达幽默时感到别扭，那你一定得练习来让这变得更自然。
Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
F:包括一些你可以用一种轻松不刻意的方式来传达随便的和明显未准备的评论。
apparent 明显的；显然的；表面上的 apparently 看来，似乎，好像 off-the-cuff 即兴的；未准备的 include 包括；包含；使成为…的一部分
S:加入一些随口说出的、貌似即兴的话语，用轻松自然的方式把它们说出来。
Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
F:经常这样讲话可以引得听众发笑，所以说的慢一点并且记得挑起一个眉毛或者一个不相信的目光可以帮助你发出一个开心的言论。
light-hearted 轻松的，愉快的，无忧无虑的
S:通常引得听众发笑是你的演讲方式，因此讲慢一些，并且记住，扬扬眉或者露出一副不相信的表情可能有助于表明你在轻松笑谈。
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.
F:回顾幽默。他经常出现在意外的地方。
look for 寻找
S:去寻找幽默。它经常来自意料之外。
A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.
F:一个经常被引用的转折“如果你一开始没有成功，那就放弃吧”，或者一个双关语、一个情景。
twist 扭曲；变体；变化了的形式 a play on words 双关语
S:将人们熟知的话语换个说法，如“要是你一开始没有成功，那就放弃吧”，或者语带双关，又或者调侃情景。
Search for exaggeration and understatement.
F:寻找夸张以及平淡的描述。
understatement 低调陈述；轻描淡写；含蓄陈述
S:寻找夸大其词和轻描淡写。
Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
F:斟酌你的话语，挑出一些你反复思考并且注入幽默的词汇或是句子。
look at 注视；考虑 turn about 转身；反复思考
S:琢磨一下你的言辞，挑出几个能拿来做文章的词或句，注入幽默。
- To make your humor work, you should . //为了让你的幽默发挥作用，你应该 A-C-C
[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience //利用不同类型的听众
[B] make fun of the disorganized people //取笑不体面的人
[C] address different problems to different people //针对不同的人解决不同的问题
[D] show sympathy for your listeners //对你的听众表示同情
22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are . //站在护士视角，医生的笑话里暗示他们 D-B
[A] impolite to new arrivals //对新来的人很不礼貌
[B] very conscious of their godlike role //非常清楚他们神圣的职责
[C] entitled to some privileges //被授予了某些权利
[D] very busy even during lunch hours //即使在午餐时间也很忙
23. It can be inferred from the text that public services . //从文中可以推断出，公共服务 C-D-D
[A] have benefited many people //有许多人获益
[B] are the focus of public attention //是大众关注的焦点
[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor //是一个不恰当的幽默话题
[D] have often been the laughing stock //经常成为笑柄
24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered . //为了达到期望的效果，笑话应该以怎样的方式讲述 D
[A] in well-worded language //精心措辞的话语
[B] as awkwardly as possible //尽可能尴尬地
[C] in exaggerated statements //夸张的话语
[D] as casually as possible //尽可能随意的
25. The best title for the text may be . //这篇文章最好的题目可能是 A
[A] Use Humor Effectively //有效的使用幽默
[B] Various Kinds of Humor //多种多样的幽默
[C] Add Humor to Speech //在演讲中加入幽默
[D] Different Humor Strategies //不同的幽默策略
advantage 优势；优点；有利条件； take advantage of 利用 disorganize 扰乱；使混乱 make fun of 取笑；嘲笑 address 地址；演讲；对付，处理
impolite 不礼貌的，粗鲁的 entitle 授权；使有资格；给…权利 inappropriate 不恰当的；不合适的 laughing stock 笑柄 statement 语句；叙述；说明
Text2
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
F:从人类的拥有创造力以来，人类设计了越来越多巧妙的工具以应对危险、无聊、繁重或是低贱的工作。
burdensome 难以承担的；繁重的 nasty 极差的；令人厌恶的；肮脏的
S:从初具创造力时起，人类就一直在设计日益灵巧的工具来处理那些危险、枯燥、繁重或纯粹只是令人不快的工作。
That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.
F:这种强迫行为导致了机器学的出现——一种将各种人类能力授予机器的科学。
compulsion 难以抗拒的冲动；强迫行为
confer 商议；授与
S:这种欲望导致了机器人学——将人的各种技能赋予机器的科学——的诞生。
And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
F:如果科学家们还没创造出科幻小说的机器版本，他们已经接近了。
come close 接近
if 如果；即使，尽管
S:尽管科学家还没有实现科幻小说的机械版，他们也已经开始接近目标了。
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
F:结果是现代世界渐渐流行起来智慧设备，它出现在我们几乎注意不到的地方，但是它的普遍存在又减少了很多人力。
populate 填入；填充；居住于；生活于
S:由此带来的结果是，智能装置日益遍布现代社会，虽然我们几乎注意不到它们的存在，但其普遍存在的确解放了大量人类劳动力。
Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.
F:我们的工厂响着机器组装武器的节奏。
S:我们的工厂里轰鸣着机器人组装臂的节奏声。
Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.
F:我们的银行在自动服务终端运行，在交易中伴以机械的礼仪。
S:我们在自动柜员机终端上完成银行业务后，它们会用机械的礼貌用语感谢我们进行这次交易。
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.
F:我们的地铁列车由不知疲倦的机器人驾驶员操控。
S:我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人司机驾驶。
And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
F:感谢电子和小型机械的持续小型化，机器人系统已经可以执行一些亚毫米级精度的大脑和骨头手术——远远超过高级内科医生能够独自实现的精度。
thanks to 由于；多亏了；归功于
miniaturization 小型化，微型化 micro 极小的，微小的
S:且由于电子元件和微机设备不断微型化，现在有些机器人系统已经能够进行某些脑科和骨科手术，精确性达到亚毫米，远远超过技术娴熟的医生仅凭双手所能达到的精准度。
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.
F:但如果机器人达到节省劳动力功能的下一个阶段，他们将能够在人类低监督环境下运转并可以由它们自己做一些起码的决定——一个真实挑战的目标。
utility 公共服务，应用程序；有用的，多功能的；
pose 摆姿势；引起，产生
S:但若想机器人进一步实现节省劳力的效用，它们就必须要能在更少的人工监控下运行，且至少能独立地做一些决定——这些目标构成了一项真正的挑战。
“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”
F:Dave Lavery说：“当我们知道该怎样去告诉一个机器人处理特定的错误时，我们还不能给机器人足够的常识让它很好地与这个动态的世界交互。”
while 当…时；虽然，尽管 specific 明确的；具体的；特定的；特有的
S:“虽然我们已知道如何命令机器人去处理某个特定的错误，”美国宇航局某机器人项目的负责人戴维拉维里说，“但是我们尚无法赋予它们足够的‘常识’，使其与不断变化的世界进行可靠的交互。”
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.
F:实际上对真正的人工智能的追求产生了混合的结果。
indeed 确实，的确；实际上；真正地
S:实际上，对真正人工智能的探索已经产生了喜忧参半的结果。
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
F:虽然在20世纪六七十年代有过一阵乐观主义，那时出现了晶体管电路以及微处理器，有可能在2010年复制人类大脑的活动，但研究者稍晚些将预测扩大到几十年乃至几个世纪。
spell 拼写；咒语；一段时间 appear 出现；似乎；显得；看来 optimism 乐观；乐观主义 processor 处理器 forecast 预测，预报
lately 近来，最近
S:尽管在20世纪60和70年代一开始有过一段乐观时期——那时候晶体管电路和微处理器的发展似乎使人们相信到2010年就能实现对人脑活动的复制——但最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.
F:他们发现，在试图模式化思考时，人脑大约一千亿神经元在活跃——人类的感知远比之前想象的复杂的多。
roughly 粗略地，大约；粗暴地，粗鲁地
S:在试图模拟人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现人类大脑的近一亿个神经细胞远比以前想象的更聪明，人类的感知能力也复杂的多。
They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.
F:他们建成了在受控的工厂环境下，可以通过毫米级分数感知仪表盘错误的机器人。
panel 面板
S:人类已经建造了能够在受控的工厂环境里识别仪器板上零点几毫米差错的机器人。
But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
F:但人可以快速捕捉变化的场景并且忽视98%不相关的东西，瞬间聚焦在曲折蜿蜒的林间小路旁的猴子，或是茫茫人海中唯一可疑的脸庞。
disregard 忽视；不理会 irrelevant 无关紧要的；不相关的
S:但是人脑只要瞥一眼快速变化的场景，就能迅速排除98%的不相干信息，立即聚焦于蜿蜒的森林小路旁的一只猴子，或者一大群人中的一张可疑面孔上。
The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
F:东方最先进的计算机系统也不能实现这种能力，并且神经系统科学家也不知道我们怎么做到的。
neuroscientist 神经科学家
S:世界上最先进的计算机系统也不能与这种能力相媲美，而神经科学家们至今仍不知道我们是怎样做到这一点的。
- Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in . //人类创造力最初表现在 C-C
[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction. //使用机器去创作科幻小说
[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. //制造业中机器的广泛应用
[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. //发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作
[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. //精英们对危险和乏味的工作的巧妙处理
27. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means . //单词“gizmos”在文中最可能的意思是 C-C
[A] programs //程序
[B］ experts //专家
[C］ devices //设备
[D］ creatures //生物
28. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can . //根据文章，现在超出人类能力范围的是设计一种能的机器人 D-D
[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. //完成类似于做大脑手术这样精细的任务
[B] interact with human beings verbally. //与人进行口头交流
[C] have a little common sense. //有一点常识
[D] respond independently to a changing world. //独立地应对不断变化的世界
29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also . //除了能够节省人力之外，机器人还能 B-B
[A] make a few decisions for themselves. //自己做些决定
[B] deal with some errors with human intervention. //在人为干预下处理一些错误
[C] improve factory environments. //改善工厂的环境
[D] cultivate human creativity. //培养人类的创造性
30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are . //作者以猴子为例是为了说明机器人 A-C
[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure. //有望复制人脑的内部结构
[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately. //能够立即感知异常现象
[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. //在聚焦相关信息方面远不如人脑
[D] best used in a controlled environment. //在受控的环境下使用得最好
ingenuity 聪明才智；独创力 demonstrate 证明；表明，显示 creature 生物 verbal 文字的；言语的；口头的
common sense 常识 besides 而且；除…之外还有 labor 劳动；劳工
intervention 干预；介入；调解 perceive 认为，理解；察觉，注意到
Text 3
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?
F:经济衰退的老大难日子会重现吗？
S:过去那些经济衰退的悲惨日子是否即将重现？
be about to 即将；正打算；将要
Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.
F:自从OPEC决定在3月削减供应，原油的价格就涨到了约26刀一桶，远高于去年12月的10刀。
S:自石油输出国组织三月商定削减供应以来，原油价格已从去年十二月的每桶不到10美元猛增到接近 26美元。
This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
F:接近三倍的油价唤起了人们1973年石油危机的恐怖回忆，那时价格翻了4番，1979到1980年也是三倍的涨。
S:本次油价的近三倍上涨勾起了人们对1973年石油冲击和1979-1980年的可怕回忆：1973年时，油价翻了两番。1979-1980年间，油价也几乎涨至原先的3倍。
triple 三人的；三组的；三倍的 quadruple 四倍的
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.
F:之前的两次危机都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。
S:前两次石油冲击均导致了两位数的通货膨胀率并引发了全球性的经济衰退。
previous 以前的，先前的
So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
F:所以这一次警告灾难的头条在哪里？
S:那么，这次警告人们厄运来临的头版头条在哪里？
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.
F:当伊拉克停止石油出口时，本周石油价格再次增涨。
S:本周伊拉克暂停石油出口使油价又一次被推高。
Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
F:在北半球进入冬季的同时，加速经济增长可以在短期促进价格升高。
S:强劲的经济增长势头，加上北半球冬季的来袭，可能在短期内将石油价格推的更高。
grip 紧握；掌握，控制；理解；对…产生强有力的影响
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s.
F:但也有一些有利因素预测如今的经济影响不会比二十世纪七十年代更糟。
S:然而，我们有充分的理由预期这次油价上涨所带来的经济影响不会像20世纪70年代那么严重。
severe 十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的，苛刻的；
In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s.
F:大部分国家如今的原油成本在汽油价格的占比小于20世纪70年代。
S:与70年代相比，现在多数国家的原油成本占石油价格的比例较小。
petrol 汽油
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
F:在欧洲，零售价格税高达百分之八十，甚至原油价格剧变对出泵价格的影响也比过去更小了。
S:在欧洲，税费在汽油零售价中的占比高达五分之四，因此，即使原油价格发生很大波动，汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。
mute 减弱…的声音；静音；哑巴
muted 消音，减音；减弱，缓解
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.
F:发达国家也很少依赖于他们的石油，因此对油价的波动并不敏感。
S:富裕国家不再像过去那样依赖石油，因此对油价的波动也不那么敏感了。
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.
F:能源储备，向其他能源的转换以及重度能源密集型产业重要性的衰退减少了能源消耗。
S:能源保护、向替代燃料转变和能源密集型重工业的重要性降低都导致石油消耗量减少。
Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.
F:软件、顾问和移动电话的燃油使用远少于钢铁工业或者汽车制造业。
S:软件、咨询及移动电话业消耗的石油比钢铁和汽车制造业少得多。
For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.
F:发达国家对如今GDP使用的每刀（以固定价格计算）比1973年要少将近50%。
S:现在，富裕国家每一美元GDP（以不变价格计算）的耗油量比1973年少了近一半。
The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.
F:OECD在它最近的Economic Outlook中评估，若一年内平均油价为22刀一桶，与1998年的13刀相比，发达国家石油进口费用只会增加0.25-0.5%的GDP。
S:经合组织在其最新发布的《经济展望报告》中估计，如果今年全年平均油价为每桶22美元，与1998年每桶13美元相比，这仅会是富裕国家的石油进口支出占GDP的比重增加0.25-0.5%。
That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.
F:这少于1974或1980年收入减少的四分之一。
S:这还不到1974年或1980年收入损失的四分之一。
On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
F:另一方面，重工业换代的石油进口紧缺国家变得更加能源密集，并因此受到更严重的压力。
S:另一方面，进口石油的新兴国家——重工业已转移至此——已经变得更加能源密集，因此可能遭受更严重的打击。
emerge 出现；形成；显露
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.
F:另一个不必因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，不像20世纪70年代的上涨一样，如今并没有出现对抗普通商品价格波动的背景以及全球的过度需求。
S:无需为油价上涨担忧的另一个原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上涨没有发生在大宗商品价格普遍飞涨及全球需求过剩的背景下。
not lose sleep over sth. 不必为某事操心 against 反对；违背；与……竞争；对……造成伤害；以…为背景
excess 过量；过剩；超越
A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.
F:世界上有相当大一部分刚刚摆脱经济衰退。
S:世界上大部分国家才刚刚摆脱经济衰退。
sizable 相当大的
The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.
F:经济学家的商品价格指数大多跟一年前一样。
S:《经济学人》大宗商品价格指数与一年前相比大体上没有什么变化。
broad 广泛的，普遍的；宽阔的；广阔的 broadly 广泛地，普遍地；大体上；
In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
F:而1973年商品价格涨幅达到70%，并且1979年几乎达到30%。
S:1973年大宗商品价格跃升了70%，1979也上升了近30%。
- The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_.//最近石油价格上涨的原因主要是 B-B
[A] global inflation. //全球通货膨胀
[B] reduction in supply. //供应量减少
[C] fast growth in economy. //经济快速增长
[D] Iraq’s suspension of exports. //伊拉克暂停出口
32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if__. //从文中可以推出，在情况下，汽油零售价格会大幅增长 D-D
[A] price of crude rises. //原油价格上涨
[B] commodity prices rise. //商品价格上涨
[C] consumption rises. //消费上涨
[D] oil taxes rise. //石油税上涨
33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries__. //《经济展望》中的估计表明：在发达国家 D-D
［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. //重工业更加能源密集化
［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. //收入减少主要由原油价格波动造成
［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. //制造业已受到严重打击
［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. //油价变化对国内生产总值没有重大影响
34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__. //从文中，我们可以得出的结论是 B-A
［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now. //此次油价冲击并不可怕
［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. //通货膨胀似乎与油价冲击无关
［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. //能源节约可以抑制油价
［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. //原油价格上涨导致重工业萎缩
35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__. //从文中我们可以看出作者的态度似乎_ A-A
［A］optimistic. //乐观
［B］sensitive. //敏感
［C］gloomy. //忧郁
［D］scared. //害怕
inflation 通胀；充气；通货膨涨 estimate 估计；估算；评估
squeeze 挤压；压榨 shock 令人震惊的事；吃惊，震惊；冲击；撞击
Text 4
The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
F:最高法院就医助自杀问题的裁决对“医学如何致力于减轻临终病人的身心折磨”具有重大影响。
S:最高法院就医助自杀问题的裁决对“医学如何致力于减轻临终病人的身心折磨”具有重大影响。
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
F:尽管它的判决为没有宪法权利支持医助自杀，法庭支持医学的双效原则，一个古老的道德准则认为一个行为有其两面性，即好的方面是预期的，而坏的方面也可能存在。如果行动者只想利用其好的方面，这是被允许的。
constitute 构成；组成；（被认为或看作）是；被算作 constitution 宪法，章程；体质；组成，结构 permission 同意，许可
S:最高法院尽管判定宪法并未准许医助自杀权，实际上却认可了“双效”医疗原则。这个存在了几个世纪的道德准则认为，如果某种行为具备双重效果——想达到的好效果和预见的坏效果，而行为的实施者仅仅意在达到好的效果，那么此行为就是被允许的。
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
F:医生们在近几年采用这种原则以判断是否应该使用大剂量的吗啡来控制晚期病人的痛苦，尽管增大剂量最终会导致病人死亡。
justify 是……的正当理由；对……作出解释，为……辩解 terminally (疾病）致命地，不治地，晚期地
S:近年来，医生们一直在利用这项原则为“使用大剂量吗啡抑制晚期病人的痛苦”辩护，尽管不断增加剂量最终将导致病人死亡。
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.
F:Montefiore医疗中心主任Nancy Dubler，认为这项原则会保护持“迄今为止强烈坚持若可能加速病人死亡，那便不能给病人足够的药物以控制他们的痛苦”观点的医生。
contend 声称，主张；竞争，争夺
S:蒙特菲奥里医疗中心主任南希道布勒断言，这项原则将保护那些直到现在还非常强烈地坚称“如果增大计量可能会加速病人死亡，他们就不能给病人开足量药物来为其止痛”的医生。
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.
F:波士顿大学健康法学部主任George Annas坚称，若医生批准一种合法医疗目的药物，那他即使在病人使用后加速了死亡的情况也没有违法。
as long as 只要
S:波士顿大学健康法系主任乔治安娜斯坚持认为，只要医生开药是出于正当的医疗目的，那么即使病人使用该药物加速自身死亡，医生的行为也完全没有违法。
“It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.
F:他说道，“就像手术一样，因为医生不是故意杀死病人的所以我们不称他们为杀人犯，尽管他们的行为有导致病人死亡的风险。”
homicide 杀人；谋杀
S:他说：“这就像做手术，尽管医生冒着导致病人死亡的风险，我们也不会称那些死亡为谋杀，因为医生并没有意图杀死病人。”
If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”
F:如果你是一个医生，你可以让你的病人冒自杀的风险，只要你不是故意让他们自杀。
S:如果你是一名医生，只要你的目的不是让病人自杀，你就可以去冒病人自杀的风险。
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
F:从另一层面来说，医学界的许多人都承认医助自杀这个论题一直在由部分在现代药物延长死亡的肉体痛苦而绝望的病人所推动。
S:另一方面，许多医学界人士承认，致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因在于病人们的绝望情绪；对这些病人来说，现代医学延长了他们临终时所受的肉体痛苦。
Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.
F:就在三周前，法庭在医助自杀的判决中，美国国家科学院发布了两卷报告，Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life。
S:就在最高法院对医助自杀作出裁决的三周前，美国国家科学院公布了一份两卷的报告《临近死亡——改善临终护理》。
It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
F:它识别了对待痛苦的处理不到位，以及“无效并强制性的医疗手段可能会延长临终时间，甚至使其不够体面”的侵略性执行，这就是临终医护的两个问题。
undertreatment 治疗不足；处理不足 dishonor 不光彩，不名誉，耻辱，羞辱
S:该报告指明了临终护理中并存的两大问题：对病痛治疗不力和过于放肆大胆的采用“无效而强制的医疗手段，而这些手段可能会延长濒死期，甚至让病人死的不体面”。
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
F:这个职业应该采取措施，让年轻的医生在临终关怀医院培训，检测积极的疼痛管理疗法的学习成果，发展医院基础护理的美国医保付款码，并且发展测评和治疗临终痛苦的的新标准。
profession 职业；行业 taking steps to 采取措施 therapy 疗法；疗效
S:医疗行业正在采取措施：要求年轻医生到临终安养院接受培训，对其大胆的镇痛疗法知识进行测试，制定基于医院护理的医疗报账法规，以及设定心得标准来评估和治疗临终病人的痛苦。
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.
F:安娜斯认为律师在坚持将这些积极有效的治疗手段转化为更好的护理方式上起到关键作用。
S:安娜斯说，在坚持要求上述善意的医疗倡议转化为更好的临终护理上，律师可以发挥关键作用。
“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”.
F:他补充道，“很多医生看上去并不关心他们的病人所受的痛苦是不必须并且可预见的，就是蓄意虐待病人”。
S:“许多医生似乎对病人所遭受的非必要、可预见的痛苦漠不关心”，其程度甚至可构成“蓄意虐待病人”。
He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.
F:他认为医疗许可委员会“必须搞清楚…痛苦的死亡是由于管理不善导致的应该被吊销执照
incompetent 无能的；不够格的；不能胜任的 suspension 暂停，中止；暂令停职
S:他说，美国各州行医执照委员会“必须明确……如果病人的痛苦死亡是由医生的治疗不当导致，应吊销医生的行医执照”。
- From the first three paragraphs, we learn that . //从前三段中，我们得知 B-B
[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain //医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的疼痛
[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives //医生帮助病危者结束生命依然是违法的
[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide //最高法院强烈反对医助自杀
[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide //病人没有宪法准许的自杀权
37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text? //按照文章内容，下面那个说法是正确的？D-C
[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death. //如果医生冒导致医生死亡的风险，他们将被认为有罪。
[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery. //现代医学已经帮助晚期病人无痛康复。
[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed. //法院裁定医生可以开大剂量镇痛药。
[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions. //医生用药是否合法不再取决于其意图。
38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is . //根据NAS的报告，临终护理存在的问题之一是 C-B
[A] prolonged medical procedures //延长的医疗过程
[B] inadequate treatment of pain //对病痛处理不力
[C] systematic drug abuse //蓄意滥用药物
[D] insufficient hospital care //医院护理不足
39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)? //下面哪个词最恰当地解释了第七段第四行 agressive 的含义 C-A
[A] Bold. //大胆的
[B] Harmful. // 有害的
[C] Careless. // 粗心的
[D] Desperate // 不顾一切的
40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they . //乔治安娜斯可能认为医生应当受到惩罚，如果他们_ D-D
[A] manage their patients incompetently //治疗病人不当
[B] give patients more medicine than needed //给病人的药物超量
[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients //减少病人的药物剂量
[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients //延长病人不必要的痛苦
dosage 剂量；用量
—— 本文源自考研英语一真题，仅用于学习和交流目的
若有收获，就点个赞吧
0 人点赞
