设计模式.pdf

抽象方法

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta
  8. # ------抽象产品------
  10. class PhoneShell(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  11.     @abstractmethod
  12.     def show_shell(self):
  13.         pass
  16. class CPU(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  17.     @abstractmethod
  18.     def show_cpu(self):
  19.         pass
  22. class OS(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  23.     @abstractmethod
  24.     def show_os(self):
  25.         pass
  28. # ------抽象工厂------
  30. class PhoneFactory(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  31.     @abstractmethod
  32.     def make_shell(self):
  33.         pass
  35.     @abstractmethod
  36.     def make_cpu(self):
  37.         pass
  39.     @abstractmethod
  40.     def make_os(self):
  41.         pass
  44. # ------具体产品------
  47. class SmallShell(PhoneShell):
  48.     def show_shell(self):
  49.         print("普通手机小手机壳")
  52. class BigShell(PhoneShell):
  53.     def show_shell(self):
  54.         print("普通手机大手机壳")
  57. class AppleShell(PhoneShell):
  58.     def show_shell(self):
  59.         print("苹果手机壳")
  62. class SnapDragonCPU(CPU):
  63.     def show_cpu(self):
  64.         print("骁龙CPU")
  67. class MediaTekCPU(CPU):
  68.     def show_cpu(self):
  69.         print("联发科CPU")
  72. class AppleCPU(CPU):
  73.     def show_cpu(self):
  74.         print("苹果CPU")
  77. class Android(OS):
  78.     def show_os(self):
  79.         print("Android系统")
  82. class IOS(OS):
  83.     def show_os(self):
  84.         print("iOS系统")
  87. # ------具体工厂------
  90. class MiFactory(PhoneFactory):
  91.     def make_cpu(self):
  92.         return SnapDragonCPU()
  94.     def make_os(self):
  95.         return Android()
  97.     def make_shell(self):
  98.         return BigShell()
  101. class HuaweiFactory(PhoneFactory):
  102.     def make_cpu(self):
  103.         return MediaTekCPU()
  105.     def make_os(self):
  106.         return Android()
  108.     def make_shell(self):
  109.         return SmallShell()
  112. class IPhoneFactory(PhoneFactory):
  113.     def make_cpu(self):
  114.         return AppleCPU()
  116.     def make_os(self):
  117.         return IOS()
  119.     def make_shell(self):
  120.         return AppleShell()
  123. # ------客户端------
  126. class Phone:
  127.     def __init__(self, cpu, os, shell):
  128.         self.cpu = cpu
  129.         self.os = os
  130.         self.shell = shell
  132.     def show_info(self):
  133.         print("手机信息:")
  134.         self.cpu.show_cpu()
  135.         self.os.show_os()
  136.         self.shell.show_shell()
  140. def make_phone(factory):
  141.     cpu = factory.make_cpu()
  142.     os = factory.make_os()
  143.     shell = factory.make_shell()
  144.     return Phone(cpu, os, shell)
  147. p1 = make_phone(IPhoneFactory())
  148. p1.show_info()

适配器

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  8. class Payment(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  9.     # abstract class
  10.     @abstractmethod
  11.     def pay(self, money):
  12.         pass
  15. class Alipay(Payment):
  16.     def pay(self, money):
  17.         print("支付宝支付%d元." % money)
  20. class WechatPay(Payment):
  21.     def pay(self, money):
  22.         print("微信支付%d元." % money)
  26. class BankPay:
  27.     def cost(self, money):
  28.         print("银联支付%d元." % money)
  31. class ApplePay:
  32.     def cost(self, money):
  33.         print("苹果支付%d元." % money)
  36. # # 类适配器
  37. # class NewBankPay(Payment, BankPay):
  38. #     def pay(self, money):
  39. #         self.cost(money)
  42. # 对象适配器
  43. class PaymentAdapter(Payment):
  44.     def __init__(self, payment):
  45.         self.payment = payment
  47.     def pay(self, money):
  48.         self.payment.cost(money)
  51. p = PaymentAdapter(BankPay())
  52. p.pay(100)
  55. # 组合
  57. # class A:
  58. #     pass
  59. #
  60. # class B:
  61. #     def __init__(self):
  62. #         self.a = A()

桥接模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/20
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  7. class Shape(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  8.     def __init__(self, color):
  9.         self.color = color
  11.     @abstractmethod
  12.     def draw(self):
  13.         pass
  16. class Color(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  17.     @abstractmethod
  18.     def paint(self, shape):
  19.         pass
  22. class Rectangle(Shape):
  23.     name = "长方形"
  24.     def draw(self):
  25.         # 长方形逻辑
  26.         self.color.paint(self)
  29. class Circle(Shape):
  30.     name = "圆形"
  31.     def draw(self):
  32.         # 圆形逻辑
  33.         self.color.paint(self)
  36. class Line(Shape):
  37.     name = "直线"
  38.     def draw(self):
  39.         # 直线逻辑
  40.         self.color.paint(self)
  43. class Red(Color):
  44.     def paint(self, shape):
  45.         print("红色的%s" % shape.name)
  48. class Green(Color):
  49.     def paint(self, shape):
  50.         print("绿色的%s" % shape.name)
  53. class Blue(Color):
  54.     def paint(self, shape):
  55.         print("蓝色的%s" % shape.name)
  59. shape = Line(Blue())
  60. shape.draw()
  62. shape2 = Circle(Green())
  63. shape2.draw()

创建者模式

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  7. class Player:
  8.     def __init__(self, face=None, body=None, arm=None, leg=None):
  9.         self.face = face
  10.         self.body = body
  11.         self.arm = arm
  12.         self.leg = leg
  14.     def __str__(self):
  15.         return "%s, %s, %s, %s" % (self.face, self.body, self.arm, self.leg)
  18. class PlayerBuilder(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  19.     @abstractmethod
  20.     def build_face(self):
  21.         pass
  23.     @abstractmethod
  24.     def build_body(self):
  25.         pass
  27.     @abstractmethod
  28.     def build_arm(self):
  29.         pass
  31.     @abstractmethod
  32.     def build_leg(self):
  33.         pass
  36. class SexyGirlBuilder(PlayerBuilder):
  37.     def __init__(self):
  38.         self.player = Player()
  40.     def build_face(self):
  41.         self.player.face = "漂亮脸蛋"
  43.     def build_body(self):
  44.         self.player.body = "苗条"
  46.     def build_arm(self):
  47.         self.player.arm = "漂亮胳膊"
  49.     def build_leg(self):
  50.         self.player.leg = "大长腿"
  53. class Monster(PlayerBuilder):
  54.     def __init__(self):
  55.         self.player = Player()
  57.     def build_face(self):
  58.         self.player.face = "怪兽脸"
  60.     def build_body(self):
  61.         self.player.body = "怪兽身材"
  63.     def build_arm(self):
  64.         self.player.arm = "长毛的胳膊"
  66.     def build_leg(self):
  67.         self.player.leg = "长毛的腿"
  70. class PlayerDirector: # 控制组装顺序
  71.     def build_player(self, builder):
  72.         builder.build_body()
  73.         builder.build_face()
  74.         builder.build_arm()
  75.         builder.build_leg()
  76.         return builder.player
  79. # client
  81. builder = Monster()
  82. director = PlayerDirector()
  83. p = director.build_player(builder)
  84. print(p)

责任链模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/26
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  7. class Handler(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  8.     @abstractmethod
  9.     def handle_leave(self, day):
  10.         pass
  13. class GeneralManager(Handler):
  14.     def handle_leave(self, day):
  15.         if day <= 10:
  16.             print("总经理准假%d天" % day)
  17.         else:
  18.             print("你还是辞职吧")
  21. class DepartmentManager(Handler):
  22.     def __init__(self):
  23.         self.next = GeneralManager()
  25.     def handle_leave(self, day):
  26.         if day <= 5:
  27.             print("部门经理准假%s天" % day)
  28.         else:
  29.             print("部门经理职权不足")
  30.             self.next.handle_leave(day)
  33. class ProjectDirector(Handler):
  34.     def __init__(self):
  35.         self.next = DepartmentManager()
  37.     def handle_leave(self, day):
  38.         if day <= 3:
  39.             print("项目主管准假%d天" % day)
  40.         else:
  41.             print("项目主管职权不足")
  42.             self.next.handle_leave(day)
  44. # Client
  47. day = 12
  48. h = ProjectDirector()
  49. h.handle_leave(day)

组合模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/21
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  8. # 抽象组件
  9. class Graphic(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  10.     @abstractmethod
  11.     def draw(self):
  12.         pass
  15. # 叶子组件
  16. class Point(Graphic):
  17.     def __init__(self, x, y):
  18.         self.x = x
  19.         self.y = y
  21.     def __str__(self):
  22.         return "点(%s, %s)" % (self.x, self.y)
  24.     def draw(self):
  25.         print(str(self))
  28. # 叶子组件
  29. class Line(Graphic):
  30.     def __init__(self, p1, p2):
  31.         self.p1 = p1
  32.         self.p2 = p2
  34.     def __str__(self):
  35.         return "线段[%s, %s]" % (self.p1, self.p2)
  37.     def draw(self):
  38.         print(str(self))
  41. # 复合组件
  42. class Picture(Graphic):
  43.     def __init__(self, iterable):
  44.         self.children = []
  45.         for g in iterable:
  46.             self.add(g)
  48.     def add(self, graphic):
  49.         self.children.append(graphic)
  52.     def draw(self):
  53.         print("------复合图形------")
  54.         for g in self.children:
  55.             g.draw()
  56.         print("------复合图形------")
  59. p1 = Point(2,3)
  60. l1 = Line(Point(3,4), Point(6,7))
  61. l2 = Line(Point(1,5), Point(2,8))
  62. pic1 = Picture([p1, l1, l2])
  64. p2 = Point(4,4)
  65. l3 = Line(Point(1,1), Point(0,0))
  66. pic2 = Picture([p2, l3])
  68. pic = Picture([pic1, pic2])
  69. pic.draw()

外观模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/26
  6. class CPU:
  7.     def run(self):
  8.         print("CPU开始运行")
  10.     def stop(self):
  11.         print("CPU停止运行")
  14. class Disk:
  15.     def run(self):
  16.         print("硬盘开始工作")
  18.     def stop(self):
  19.         print("硬盘停止工作")
  22. class Memory:
  23.     def run(self):
  24.         print("内存通电")
  26.     def stop(self):
  27.         print("内存断电")
  30. class Computer: # Facade
  31.     def __init__(self):
  32.         self.cpu = CPU()
  33.         self.disk = Disk()
  34.         self.memory = Memory()
  36.     def run(self):
  37.         self.cpu.run()
  38.         self.disk.run()
  39.         self.memory.run()
  41.     def stop(self):
  42.         self.cpu.stop()
  43.         self.disk.stop()
  44.         self.memory.stop()
  47. # Client
  49. computer = Computer()
  50. computer.run()
  51. computer.stop()

工厂方法模式

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  8. class Payment(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  9.     # abstract class
  10.     @abstractmethod
  11.     def pay(self, money):
  12.         pass
  15. class Alipay(Payment):
  16.     def __init__(self, use_huabei=False):
  17.         self.use_huaei = use_huabei
  19.     def pay(self, money):
  20.         if self.use_huaei:
  21.             print("花呗支付%d元." % money)
  22.         else:
  23.             print("支付宝余额支付%d元." % money)
  26. class WechatPay(Payment):
  27.     def pay(self, money):
  28.         print("微信支付%d元." % money)
  31. class BankPay(Payment):
  32.     def pay(self, money):
  33.         print("银行卡支付%d元." % money)
  36. class PaymentFactory(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  37.     @abstractmethod
  38.     def create_payment(self):
  39.         pass
  42. class AlipayFactory(PaymentFactory):
  43.     def create_payment(self):
  44.         return Alipay()
  47. class WechatPayFactory(PaymentFactory):
  48.     def create_payment(self):
  49.         return WechatPay()
  52. class HuabeiFactory(PaymentFactory):
  53.     def create_payment(self):
  54.         return Alipay(use_huabei=True)
  57. class BankPayFactory(PaymentFactory):
  58.     def create_payment(self):
  59.         return BankPay()
  62. # client
  64. pf = HuabeiFactory()
  65. p = pf.create_payment()
  66. p.pay(100)

工厂模式

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  8. class Payment(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  9.     # abstract class
  10.     @abstractmethod
  11.     def pay(self, money):
  12.         pass
  14. class Alipay(Payment):
  15.     def __init__(self, use_huabei=False):
  16.         self.use_huaei = use_huabei
  18.     def pay(self, money):
  19.         if self.use_huaei:
  20.             print("花呗支付%d元." % money)
  21.         else:
  22.             print("支付宝余额支付%d元." % money)
  25. class WechatPay(Payment):
  26.     def pay(self, money):
  27.         print("微信支付%d元." % money)
  30. class PaymentFactory:
  31.     def create_payment(self, method):
  32.         if method == 'alipay':
  33.             return Alipay()
  34.         elif method == 'wechat':
  35.             return WechatPay()
  36.         elif method == 'huabei':
  37.             return Alipay(use_huabei=True)
  38.         else:
  39.             raise TypeError("No such payment named %s" % method)
  43. # client
  44. pf = PaymentFactory()
  45. p = pf.create_payment('huabei')
  46. p.pay(100)

接口模式

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. # class Payment:
  6. #     def pay(self, money):
  7. #         raise NotImplementedError
  9. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  12. # 接口
  13. # class Payment(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  14. #     # abstract class
  15. #     @abstractmethod
  16. #     def pay(self, money):
  17. #         pass
  18. #
  19. #
  20. # class Alipay(Payment):
  21. #     def pay(self, money):
  22. #         print("支付宝支付%d元." % money)
  23. #
  24. #
  25. # class WechatPay(Payment):
  26. #     def pay(self, money):
  27. #         print("微信支付%d元." % money)
  28. #
  29. #
  30. #
  31. # p = WechatPay()
  32. # p.pay(100)
  34. #
  35. # class User:
  36. #     def show_name(self):
  37. #         pass
  38. #
  39. # class VIPUser(User):
  40. #     def show_name(self):
  41. #         pass
  42. #
  43. # def show_user(u):
  44. #     res = u.show_name()
  46. class LandAnimal(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  47.     @abstractmethod
  48.     def walk(self):
  49.         pass
  52. class WaterAnimal(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  53.     @abstractmethod
  54.     def swim(self):
  55.         pass
  58. class SkyAnimal(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  59.     @abstractmethod
  60.     def fly(self):
  61.         pass
  64. class Tiger(LandAnimal):
  65.     def walk(self):
  66.         print("老虎走路")
  69. class Frog(LandAnimal, WaterAnimal):
  70.     pass

观察者模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/27
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  8. class Observer(metaclass=ABCMeta): # 抽象订阅者
  9.     @abstractmethod
  10.     def update(self, notice): # notice 是一个Notice类的对象
  11.         pass
  14. class Notice:  # 抽象发布者
  15.     def __init__(self):
  16.         self.observers = []
  18.     def attach(self, obs):
  19.         self.observers.append(obs)
  21.     def detach(self, obs):
  22.         self.observers.remove(obs)
  24.     def notify(self): # 推送
  25.         for obs in self.observers:
  26.             obs.update(self)
  29. class StaffNotice(Notice): # 具体发布者
  30.     def __init__(self, company_info=None):
  31.         super().__init__()
  32.         self.__company_info = company_info
  34.     @property
  35.     def company_info(self):
  36.         return self.__company_info
  38.     @company_info.setter
  39.     def company_info(self, info):
  40.         self.__company_info = info
  41.         self.notify() # 推送
  44. class Staff(Observer):
  45.     def __init__(self):
  46.         self.company_info = None
  48.     def update(self, notice):
  49.         self.company_info = notice.company_info
  52. # Client
  54. notice = StaffNotice("初始公司信息")
  55. s1 = Staff()
  56. s2 = Staff()
  57. notice.attach(s1)
  58. notice.attach(s2)
  59. notice.company_info = "公司今年业绩非常好，给大家发奖金！！！"
  60. print(s1.company_info)
  61. print(s2.company_info)
  62. notice.detach(s2)
  63. notice.company_info = "公司明天放假！！！"
  64. print(s1.company_info)
  65. print(s2.company_info)

代理模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/26
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  7. class Subject(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  8.     @abstractmethod
  9.     def get_content(self):
  10.         pass
  12.     @abstractmethod
  13.     def set_content(self, content):
  14.         pass
  17. class RealSubject(Subject):
  18.     def __init__(self, filename):
  19.         self.filename = filename
  20.         f = open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
  21.         print("读取文件内容")
  22.         self.content = f.read()
  23.         f.close()
  25.     def get_content(self):
  26.         return self.content
  28.     def set_content(self, content):
  29.         f = open(self.filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
  30.         f.write(content)
  31.         f.close()
  37. class VirtualProxy(Subject):
  38.     def __init__(self, filename):
  39.         self.filename = filename
  40.         self.subj = None
  42.     def get_content(self):
  43.         if not self.subj:
  44.             self.subj = RealSubject(self.filename)
  45.         return self.subj.get_content()
  48.     def set_content(self, content):
  49.         if not subj:
  50.             self.subj = RealSubject(self.filename)
  51.         return self.subj.set_content(content)
  55. class ProtectedProxy(Subject):
  56.     def __init__(self, filename):
  57.         self.subj = RealSubject(filename)
  59.     def get_content(self):
  60.         return self.subj.get_content()
  62.     def set_content(self, content):
  63.         raise PermissionError("无写入权限")
  67. #subj = RealSubject("test.txt")
  68. #subj.get_content()
  70. subj = ProtectedProxy("test.txt")
  71. print(subj.get_content())
  72. subj.set_content("abc")

单例模式

  1. #! /usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3. # Date: 2018/12/1
  5. from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta
  7. class Singleton:
  8.     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
  9.         if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
  10.             cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls)
  11.         return cls._instance
  14. class MyClass(Singleton):
  15.     def __init__(self, a):
  16.         self.a = a
  19. a = MyClass(10)
  20. b = MyClass(20)
  22. print(a.a)
  23. print(b.a)
  24. print(id(a), id(b))

策略模式

  1. # coding: utf-8
  2. # author: ztypl
  3. # date:   2018/12/27
  5. from abc import ABCMeta,abstractmethod
  7. class Strategy(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  8.     @abstractmethod
  9.     def execute(self, data):
  10.         pass
  13. class FastStrategy(Strategy):
  14.     def execute(self, data):
  15.         print("用较快的策略处理%s" % data)
  18. class SlowStrategy(Strategy):
  19.     def execute(self, data):
  20.         print("用较慢的策略处理%s" % data)
  23. class Context:
  24.     def __init__(self, strategy, data):
  25.         self.data = data
  26.         self.strategy = strategy
  28.     def set_strategy(self, strategy):
  29.         self.strategy = strategy
  31.     def do_strategy(self):
  32.         self.strategy.execute(self.data)
  35. # Client
  37. data = "[...]"
  38. s1 = FastStrategy()
  39. s2 = SlowStrategy()
  40. context = Context(s1, data)
  41. context.do_strategy()
  42. context.set_strategy(s2)
  43. context.do_strategy()

模板方法

# coding: utf-8
# author: ztypl
# date:   2018/12/27

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from time import sleep


class Window(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def start(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def repaint(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def stop(self): # 原子操作/钩子操作
        pass

    def run(self):  # 模板方法
        self.start()
        while True:
            try:
                self.repaint()
                sleep(1)
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                break
        self.stop()


class MyWindow(Window):
    def __init__(self, msg):
        self.msg = msg

    def start(self):
        print("窗口开始运行")

    def stop(self):
        print("窗口结束运行")

    def repaint(self):
        print(self.msg)


MyWindow("Hello...").run()