[关闭 防火墙]# systemctl disable firewalld# systemctl stop firewalld
安装 etcd kubernetes docker
[安装]：yum install -y etcd kubernetes # 安装etcd和kubernetes软件（会自动安装docker）
修改配置
[Docker配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/docker]=> OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled=false --insecure-registry gcr.io'[Kubernetes apiservce配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/apiserver]=> –admission_control参数 -> ServiceAccount删除
启动服务
# systemctl start etcd# systemctl start docker# systemctl start kube-apiserver# systemctl start kube-controller-manager# systemctl start kube-scheduler# systemctl start kubelet# systemctl start kube-proxy
案例 - 部署nginx服务
$ kubectl run my-nginx --image=nginx --port=80
$ kubectl get pod # 查看pod
pod 处于pending -> READY字段一直是0/1, 服务部署失败的原因是”中国墙“的问题导致无法下载pod启动时需要的谷歌镜像，所以我们得间接的创建所需的镜像。
补充： Pending状态表示API Server已经创建Pod，但Pod内还有一个或者多个容器没有创建，或者正在下载镜像的过程。详细的参考Pod声明周期和重启策略
# 创建gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0镜像
$ docker pull googlecontainer/pause-amd64:3.0
$ docker tag googlecontainer/pause-amd64:3.0 gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0
配置文件管理服务
配置Yaml文件
# vi nginx.yaml
piVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
启动管理服务
# 根据yaml文件创建服务
$ kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
deployment "my-nginx" created
# 查看deployment
$ kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
my-nginx 3 3 3 3 6s
# 查看Pod
$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-nginx-4087004473-dtrjp 1/1 Running 0 7s
my-nginx-4087004473-jz80p 1/1 Running 0 7s
my-nginx-4087004473-wh576 1/1 Running 0 7s
# 根据yaml文件删除服务
$ kubectl delete -f nginx.yaml
deployment "my-nginx" deleted
$ kubectl get pod
No resources found.
$ kubectl get deployment
No resources found.
Service
[部署一个nginx服务]
$ kubectl run my-nginx --image=nginx --port=80
# 创建一个service 且将其暴露到集群外可供访问
$ kubectl expose deployment/my-nginx --type="NodePort" --port 80
service "my-nginx" exposed
# 此时service列表多个my-nginx服务
$ kubectl get services
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7d
my-nginx 10.254.255.103 <nodes> 80:32589/TCP 7s
deployments
# 运行nginx镜像
$ kubectl run my-nginx --image=nginx --port=80
# 交互式 shell 的方式运行 pod
$ kubectl run -i --tty my-nginx --image=nginx --port=80 -- sh
# 链接到运行中的容器
$ kubectl attach my-nginx-532658988-10kxd -i
# 查看deployment
$ kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
my-nginx 1 1 1 1 25m
# 扩展10个副本
$ kubectl scale deployment my-nginx --replicas=10
deployment "my-nginx" scaled
$ kubectl scale deployment/my-nginx --replicas=10 # 作用效果等同上一条命令
deployment "my-nginx" scaled
# 再次显示deployment
$ kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
my-nginx 10 10 10 1 26m
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-nginx-379829228-38hkg 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-7j15l 1/1 Running 0 31m
my-nginx-379829228-c8mt3 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-f6mm8 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-q1rj0 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-qg7lf 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-rjfbq 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-v581r 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-wh49w 1/1 Running 0 5m
my-nginx-379829228-wpn98 1/1 Running 0 5m
# 缩扩到1个副本
$ kubectl scale deployment/my-nginx --replicas=1
deployment "my-nginx" scaled
$ kubectl scale deployment my-nginx --replicas=1 # 作用效果等同上一条命令
deployment的更新回滚
$ kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-nginx-4087004473-4xj74 1/1 Running 0 3m
my-nginx-4087004473-jkptq 1/1 Running 0 3m
my-nginx-4087004473-m55s1 1/1 Running 0 3m
$ kubectl get deployment
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
my-nginx 3 3 3 3 4m
# 更新应用的镜像从1.7.9版本——>1.9.1
$ kubectl set image deployment/my-nginx nginx=nginx:1.9.1
deployment "my-nginx" image updated
# 确认是否更新成功
$ kubectl rollout status deployment/my-nginx
deployment "my-nginx" successfully rolled out
# 回滚到上一代版本
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-nginx
deployment "my-nginx" rolled back
ConfigMap-容器应用的配置管理
[以yaml文件方式创建ConfigMap]
# vi special-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: special-config
namespace: default
data:
special.how: very
special.type: charm
# vi env-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: env-config
namespace: default
data:
log_level: INFO
# vi configMap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: test-container
image: nginx
command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
env:
- name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY #定义环境变量名称
valueFrom: #key"special.how"对应的值
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config #环境变量的值
key: special.how
- name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config
key: special.type
restartPolicy: Never
$ kubectl create -f special-config.yaml
configmap "special-config" created
$ kubectl create -f env-config.yaml
configmap "env-config" created
# 查看ConfigMap
$ kubectl get configmaps
NAME DATA AGE
env-config 1 38m
special-config 2 39m
# 让我们看一下创建的ConfigMap
$ kubectl describe configmap env-config
Name: env-config
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Data
====
log_level: 4 bytes
# 查看ConfigMap键的值
$ kubectl get configmaps env-config -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
log_level: INFO
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2017-11-30T07:29:49Z
name: env-config
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "285268"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/env-config
uid: 3f473adf-d5a0-11e7-9830-0800275ae9e7
$ kubectl create -f configMap.yaml
pod "dapi-test-pod" created
# 查看pod，状态ContainerCreating
$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dapi-test-pod 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3s
# 隔一段时间再查看pod,发现并没有返回什么
$ kubectl get pod
# 显示所有的权限查看pod
$ kubectl get pod --show-all
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dapi-test-pod 0/1 Completed 0 1m
# 查看详情
$ kubectl describe pod dapi-test-pod
Name: dapi-test-pod
Namespace: default
Node: 127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1
Start Time: Thu, 30 Nov 2017 15:32:00 +0800
Labels: <none>
Status: Succeeded
IP:
Controllers: <none>
Containers:
test-container:
Container ID: docker://1ba533f43ee60c02e03dafb7bcb8495fc12264aaab229872df0b289a3c1b9976
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://docker.io/nginx@sha256:b81f317384d7388708a498555c28a7cce778a8f291d90021208b3eba3fe74887
Port:
Command:
/bin/sh
-c
env
State: Terminated
Reason: Completed
Exit Code: 0
Started: Thu, 30 Nov 2017 15:32:25 +0800
Finished: Thu, 30 Nov 2017 15:32:25 +0800
Ready: False
Restart Count: 0
Volume Mounts: <none>
Environment Variables:
SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY: <set to the key 'special.how' of config map 'special-config'>
SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY: <set to the key 'special.type' of config map 'special-config'>
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready False
PodScheduled True
No volumes.
QoS Class: BestEffort
Tolerations: <none>
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
3m 3m 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned dapi-test-pod to 127.0.0.1
3m 3m 1 {kubelet 127.0.0.1} spec.containers{test-container} Normal Pulling pulling image "nginx"
3m 2m 2 {kubelet 127.0.0.1} Warning MissingClusterDNS kubelet does not have ClusterDNS IP configured and cannot create Pod using "ClusterFirst" policy. Falling back to DNSDefault policy.
2m 2m 1 {kubelet 127.0.0.1} spec.containers{test-container} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "nginx"
2m 2m 1 {kubelet 127.0.0.1} spec.containers{test-container} Normal Created Created container with docker id 1ba533f43ee6; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
2m 2m 1 {kubelet 127.0.0.1} spec.containers{test-container} Normal Started Started container with docker id 1ba533f43ee6
# 可知container started 成功，进一步查看日志
$ docker logs 1ba
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.254.0.1:443
MY_SERVICE_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.254.110.249:80
MY_SERVICE_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.254.110.249
HOSTNAME=dapi-test-pod
MY_SERVICE_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
HOME=/root
MY_SERVICE_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
MY_SERVICE_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP=80
SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY=charm
MY_SERVICE_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
MY_SERVICE_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.254.110.249:443
MY_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST=10.254.110.249
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.254.0.1
NGINX_VERSION=1.13.7-1~stretch
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
NJS_VERSION=1.13.7.0.1.15-1~stretch
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
MY_SERVICE_SERVICE_PORT=80
MY_SERVICE_PORT=tcp://10.254.110.249:80
SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very
MY_SERVICE_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.254.110.249
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.254.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.254.0.1
MY_SERVICE_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
PWD=/
MY_SERVICE_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
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