1.帮助命令

docker verison 版本信息

docker info 具体内容的描述

docker —help 命令没有多少，不够再去看官方文档。

  2. Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
  4. A self-sufficient runtime for containers
  6. Options:
  7.       --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  8.   -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set
  9.                            with "docker context use")
  10.   -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  11.   -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  12.   -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
  13.       --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  14.       --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
  15.       --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
  16.       --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
  17.       --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  18.   -v, --version            Print version information and quit
  20. Management Commands:
  21.   app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  22.   builder     Manage builds
  23.   buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
  24.   config      Manage Docker configs
  25.   container   Manage containers
  26.   context     Manage contexts
  27.   image       Manage images
  28.   manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  29.   network     Manage networks
  30.   node        Manage Swarm nodes
  31.   plugin      Manage plugins
  32.   secret      Manage Docker secrets
  33.   service     Manage services
  34.   stack       Manage Docker stacks
  35.   swarm       Manage Swarm
  36.   system      Manage Docker
  37.   trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  38.   volume      Manage volumes
  40. Commands:
  41.   attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  42.   build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  43.   commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  44.   cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  45.   create      Create a new container
  46.   diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  47.   events      Get real time events from the server
  48.   exec        Run a command in a running container
  49.   export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  50.   history     Show the history of an image
  51.   images      List images
  52.   import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  53.   info        Display system-wide information
  54.   inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  55.   kill        Kill one or more running containers
  56.   load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  57.   login       Log in to a Docker registry
  58.   logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  59.   logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  60.   pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  61.   port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  62.   ps          List containers
  63.   pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  64.   push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  65.   rename      Rename a container
  66.   restart     Restart one or more containers
  67.   rm          Remove one or more containers
  68.   rmi         Remove one or more images
  69.   run         Run a command in a new container
  70.   save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  71.   search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  72.   start       Start one or more stopped containers
  73.   stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  74.   stop        Stop one or more running containers
  75.   tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  76.   top         Display the running processes of a container
  77.   unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  78.   update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  79.   version     Show the Docker version information
  80.   wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
  82. Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
  84. To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

2.镜像命令

docker images ：列出主机上的镜像

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images 
  2. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
  3. hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB

REPOSITORY:表示镜像的仓库源TAG:镜像的标签
IMAGE ID:镜像ID
CREATED:镜像创建时间
SIZE:镜像大小
同一仓库源可以有多个TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同个版本，我们使用REPOSITORY:TAG来定义不同的镜像。如果你不指定一个镜像的版本标签，例如你只使用ubuntu，docker将默认使用ubuntu:latest 镜像

docker images -a //列出本地所有的镜像

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images -a   //列出本地所有的镜像
  2. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
  3. tomcat        latest    040bdb29ab37   5 weeks ago     649MB
  4. hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   13 months ago   13.3kB

docker images -q //只显示镜像ID

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images -q   //只显示镜像ID
  2. 040bdb29ab37
  3. bf756fb1ae65

docker images -qa //显示所有镜像的ID

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images -qa  //显示所有镜像的ID
  2. 040bdb29ab37
  3. bf756fb1ae65

docker images —digests //显示镜像的摘要信息

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images --digests   //显示镜像的摘要信息
  2. REPOSITORY    TAG       DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
  3. hello-world   latest    sha256:1a523af650137b8accdaed439c17d684df61ee4d74feac151b5b337bd29e7eec   bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB

docker images —no-trunc //显示完整的镜像信息

  1. [root@test docker]# docker images --no-trunc   //显示完整的镜像信息  
  2. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID                                                                CREATED         SIZE
  3. hello-world   latest    sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b   12 months ago   13.3kB

docker search tomcat 查找镜像

原理是从 hub.docker.com网站中搜的，但是是从阿里云下拉的。
OFFICIAL是官方版的，是自动构建的。

  1. [root@test docker]# docker search tomcat
  2. NAME                          DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  3. tomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2916      [OK]       
  4. tomee         K]
  5. bitnami/tomcat                Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     37                   [OK]
  6. kubeguide/tomcat-app          Tomcat image for Chapter 1                      29                   
  7. consol/tomcat-7.0             Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              17                   [OK]
  8. cloudesire/tomcat             Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            15                   [OK]
  9. aallam/tomcat-mysql           Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              13                   [OK]
  10. arm32v7/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   10                   
  11. maluuba/tomcat7-java8         Tomcat7 with java8.                             6                    
  12. rightctrl/tomcat              CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl…   6                    [OK]
  13. arm64v8/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   3                    
  14. cfje/tomcat-resource          Tomcat Concourse Resource                       2                    
  15. jelastic/tomcat               An image of the Tomcat Java application serv…   2                    
  16. amd64/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                    
  17. oobsri/tomcat8                Testing CI Jobs with different names.           1                    
  18. picoded/tomcat7               tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAGER…   1                    [OK]
  19. chenyufeng/tomcat-centos      tomcat基于centos6的镜像                              1                    [OK]
  20. camptocamp/tomcat-logback     Docker image for tomcat with logback integra…   1                    [OK]
  21. 99taxis/tomcat7               Tomcat7                                         1                    [OK]
  22. ppc64le/tomcat                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   1                    
  23. appsvc/tomcat                                                                 1                    
  24. secoresearch/tomcat-varnish   Tomcat and Varnish 5.0                          0                    [OK]
  25. s390x/tomcat                  Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   0                    
  26. softwareplant/tomcat          Tomcat images for jira-cloud testing            0                    [OK]
  27. [root@test docker]#

docker pull tomcat 拉取镜像

docker pull tomcat 等于docker pull tomcat：latest 不加标签默认是下载了最新版

  1. Using default tag: latest
  2. latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
  3. 6c33745f49b4: Pull complete 
  4. ef072fc32a84: Pull complete 
  5. c0afb8e68e0b: Pull complete 
  6. d599c07d28e6: Pull complete 
  7. e8a829023b97: Pull complete            //镜像是分层的
  8. d04be46a31d1: Pull complete 
  9. db6007c69c35: Pull complete 
  10. e4ad4c894bce: Pull complete 
  11. 248895fda357: Pull complete 
  12. 277059b4cba2: Pull complete 
  13. Digest: sha256:57dae7dfb9b62a413cde65334c8a18893795cac70afc3be589c8336d8244655d
  14. Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
  15. docker.io/library/tomcat:latest

docker rmi hello-world 删除单个镜像

  1. [root@test docker]# docker rmi hello-world
  2. Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "hello-world" (must force) - container 04bb185c0723 is using its referenced image bf756fb1ae65
  4. //镜像正在运行，需要强制删除
  5. //需要强制删除的原因是有基于该镜像运行的容器，可能已经不运行，也有可能正在运行
  6. [root@test docker]# docker rmi -f hello-world
  7. Untagged: hello-world:latest
  8. Untagged: hello-world@sha256:1a523af650137b8accdaed439c17d684df61ee4d74feac151b5b337bd29e7eec
  9. Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
  12. //强制删除后：hello-world已经被删除。
  13. [root@test docker]# docker images
  14. REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
  15. tomcat       latest    feba8d001e3f   3 weeks ago   649MB
  17. ------------------------------------------------------------------
  18. //找到基于该镜像产生的容器，删除容器再删除镜像就不会报错。
  19. /*
  20. 此时的容器已经结束运行，需要找个正在运行的容器，强制删除镜像后看容器还运不运行
  21. 经过 centos镜像的实验，强制删除镜像后，容器不会停止运行。
  22. 容器可以反复重启进入并输入命令进行操作。
  24. */
  25. [root@localhost loof]# docker ps -a
  26. CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
  27. b87506d81de2   hello-world   "/hello"   24 minutes ago   Exited (0) 24 minutes ago             boring_boyd
  28. 742f05c65786   hello-world   "/hello"   25 minutes ago   Exited (0) 25 minutes ago             silly_colden
  29. 5a9047fd260d   hello-world   "/hello"   25 minutes ago   Exited (0) 25 minutes ago             amazing_pascal
  30. //根据容器id删除过去产生的容器
  31. [root@localhost loof]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)
  32. b87506d81de2
  33. 742f05c65786
  34. 5a9047fd260d
  35. [root@localhost loof]# docker images
  36. REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
  37. tomcat        latest    040bdb29ab37   5 weeks ago     649MB
  38. hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   13 months ago   13.3kB
  39. //删除容器后删除镜像就不会报错
  40. [root@localhost loof]# docker rmi bf756fb1ae65
  41. Untagged: hello-world:latest
  42. Untagged: hello-world@sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d
  43. Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
  44. Deleted: sha256:9c27e219663c25e0f28493790cc0b88bc973ba3b1686355f221c38a36978ac63

docker rmi hello-world tomcat 删除多个镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) 根据镜像的id来删除