启动守护式容器（在后台运行）docker run -d+容器名
但有的容器在后台运行，必须要有一个前台进程，容器运行的命令如果不是一直挂起的命令，例如 top，tail，容器就会自动退出，
类似于nginx，启动nginx只需要 service nginx start就可以了，但如果让nginx为后台进程模式运行，前台没有实际运行的应用，容器启动后会立即自杀，docker机制认为它没事可做了。所以最好的做法是让要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行。
用守护式进程运行centos有没有必要？没必要，因为运行一个centos是像一个开关打开了centos，直接交互就可以了，如果用 docker run -d -it centos运行的话，这样不会进容器交互窗口，也不会让centos容器被docker杀死，但这样做没有意义，因为运行了centos势必要对系统文件进行编辑，没有必要在后台运行。
docker exec -it centos的容器号 bin/bash 就可以进入了
[root@test 12345]# docker run -d centosd22ffbc3707c44de4f8e639b9477a5e899e4d885c2a186443aa6f7d4d5ea41ce[root@test 12345]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES[root@test 12345]#//以 docker run -it 7777:8080 tomcat 运行tomcat的话，会产生一个前台交互窗口//以 docker run -d 7777:8080 tomcat 运行tomcat的话，会以守护式容器的形式在后台运行，因为tomcat容器是一直会挂起运行的，不会被当做事情做完了被docker杀掉
查看容器日志 docker logs -f -t —tail +容器id
-t 日志的时间戳 -f 循环打印 -n 3 查看倒数3行
鲸鱼背上有多个容器，用于查看每个容器的日志。
Tip: while true 表示一直执行 while循环一节中已经学过
[root@test 12345]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo zzyy;sleep 2;done"2df8352b191095c051094e736239dc3695a5b11dcee49ede80913c1fa6f183ed[root@test 12345]# docker ps //只有给后台运行的容器命令运行，后台的程序才会显示在线upCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES8c3e9246792b centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 36 seconds ago Up 33 seconds compassionate_shannon[root@test 12345]# docker logs -f -t -n 3 8c3e9246792b //不断循环打印最后3行带有时间戳的日志2021-01-14T00:53:00.202896885Z zzyy2021-01-14T00:53:02.219291052Z zzyy2021-01-14T00:53:04.222945964Z zzyy2021-01-14T00:53:06.226363144Z zzyy
查看容器内的进程
docker top 容器id
[root@test 12345]# docker top 8c3e9246792bUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDroot 53493 53303 0 16:52 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo zzyy;sleep 2;doneroot 130653 53493 0 16:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
查看容器内部的细节—后续重点掌握
docker inspect 容器id
容器像一个花卷，是一层套一层的。json串形式嵌套的
[root@test 12345]# docker inspect 8c3e9246792b[{"Id": "8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8","Created": "2021-01-14T00:52:13.377872404Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": ["-c","while true;do echo zzyy;sleep 2;done"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 53493,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-01-14T00:52:15.967458266Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8/8c3e9246792ba7f7ae5d63dca54d238d95932bbb5fbecbe4bae9548e597cc2d8-json.log","Name": "/compassionate_shannon","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2aa3632adb4f7f0b0529409e2c8e92ede3fde70529898ece4a1e84bedd53d314-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f9317558e93bbe858d58d5b53c411153adb91873bea865256ecb69a4e480e40d/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2aa3632adb4f7f0b0529409e2c8e92ede3fde70529898ece4a1e84bedd53d314/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2aa3632adb4f7f0b0529409e2c8e92ede3fde70529898ece4a1e84bedd53d314/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2aa3632adb4f7f0b0529409e2c8e92ede3fde70529898ece4a1e84bedd53d314/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "8c3e9246792b","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo zzyy;sleep 2;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "59e1c606725e3d930a49493a480ec13f45211a66e397b6c67a5ed610ca74b071","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/59e1c606725e","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "dc2ccfce41acab56cf19c4b334385212b26e3ef8d650657e98142cd255f41b13","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "02c19266796815c56353c974d3424fec0f0d2284cf47defa82d8c95c7c57e0c5","EndpointID": "dc2ccfce41acab56cf19c4b334385212b26e3ef8d650657e98142cd255f41b13","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}}]
docker attach 容器id 进入容器不执行新的进程
CTRL+P+Q退出容器后，又要进入正在运行的容器，并以命令行交互
[root@test 12345]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEtomcat latest feba8d001e3f 3 weeks ago 649MBcentos latest 300e315adb2f 5 weeks ago 209MB[root@test 12345]# docker run -it centos[root@9a5ab0c33777 /]# CTRL+P+Q退出容器[root@test 12345]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9a5ab0c33777 centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes stoic_kepler[root@test 12345]# docker attach 9a5ab0c33777 //进入容器[root@9a5ab0c33777 /]# ls -l /tmptotal 8-rwx------. 1 root root 701 Dec 4 17:37 ks-script-esd4my7v-rwx------. 1 root root 671 Dec 4 17:37 ks-script-eusq_sc5
docker exec 执行容器中的进程
docker exec -it 容器id ls -l /tmp 执行容器中的 ls -l /tmp命令，但并没进入容器，相当于隔山打牛
[root@test 12345]# docker exec -t 9a5ab0c33777 ls -l /tmptotal 8-rwx------. 1 root root 701 Dec 4 17:37 ks-script-esd4my7v-rwx------. 1 root root 671 Dec 4 17:37 ks-script-eusq_sc5
docker exec -it 9a5ab0c33777 /bin/bash = docker attach 9a5ab0c33777
exec 功能更为强大一些
[root@test 12345]# docker exec -t 9a5ab0c33777 /bin/bash[root@9a5ab0c33777 /]#
复制docker中的文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:文件路径 主机路径
[root@test 12345]# docker cp 9a5ab0c33777 /tmp/ks-script-eusq_sc5 /root"docker cp" requires exactly 2 arguments.See 'docker cp --help'.//容器后面没加冒号报错Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATHCopy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem//复制docker种的文件到主机路径下[root@test 12345]# docker cp 9a5ab0c33777:/tmp/ks-script-eusq_sc5 /root[root@test 12345]# lsDesktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos[root@test 12345]# cd /root[root@test ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg ks-script-eusq_sc5 original-ks.cfg[root@test ~]#
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