一、程序软件与rqm

  1. rpm命令：rpm  [OPTIONS]  [PACKAGE_FILE]
  2. # i表示安装 v显示详细过程 h以进度条显示，每个#表示2%进度
  3. 安装软件的命令格式                rpm -ivh filename.rpm    
  4. 升级软件的命令格式                rpm -Uvh filename.rpm
  5. 卸载软件的命令格式                rpm -e filename.rpm
  6. 查询软件描述信息的命令格式         rpm -qpi filename.rpm
  7. 列出软件文件信息的命令格式         rpm -qpl filename.rpm
  8. 查询文件属于哪个 RPM 的命令格式 　 rpm -qf filename

二、yum工具

yum主要是解决用户的软件安装依赖的关系

  1. yum客户端        # /etc/yum.conf
  3. /etc/yum.conf  #为所有仓库提供公共配置
  5. [root@chaogelinux yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.conf
  6. [main]
  7. cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
  8. keepcache=0                                    #本地缓存是否保留，0否，1是
  9. debuglevel=2                                #调试日志级别
  10. logfile=/var/log/yum.log        #日志路径
  11. exactarch=1                                    #精确系统平台版本匹配
  12. obsoletes=1            
  13. gpgcheck=1                                    #检查软件包的合法性
  14. plugins=1                
  15. installonly_limit=5                    #同时安装几个工具包
  16. bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
  17. distroverpkg=centos-release        
  20. #  This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
  21. # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
  22. # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
  23. # information.
  24. #  It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
  25. # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
  26. # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
  27. # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this).
  28. # metadata_expire=90m
  30. #请放置你的仓库在这里，并且命名为*.repo类型
  31. # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
  32. # in /etc/yum.repos.d
标准的repo文件格式：
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo #提供仓库的地址文件

CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com        #仓库文件的说明
failovermethod=priority    #存在多个url的时候，按顺序来连接，如果是roundrobin，意为随机挑选
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/    #指定仓库的网站地址
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1    #是否检测秘钥
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7      #公钥文件存放路径

#released updates  指定rpm包需要升级的地址，此处可以去网页上寻找对应的包
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7


epel.conf
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1        #是否启用此仓库
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

简单定义一个

[base]
name=Chaoge repo 
baseurl=http://chaoge.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=Chaoge epel repo
baseurl=http://chaoge.com/epel/7/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0

yum install nginx    #安装软件 
yum remove nginx     #卸载软件
yum update    nginx    #更新软件，如果不加软件名表示更新全部

[root@ylinux ~]# yum repolist all        #显示当前的仓库有哪些

[root@ylinux ~]# yum list nginx            #显示一个软件的可安装列表
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
nginx.x86_64                         1:1.16.1-3.el7

三、源代码编译安装

开发工具：gcc make等
开发组件：
yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
yum groupinstall "Server Platform Development"

    1.准备编译环境
    yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel openssl openssl-devel -y

    2.获取nginx源代码
    wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

    3.解压缩nginx源代码
    tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

    4.进入源码目录
    cd nginx-1.12.0

    5.开始编译三部曲
    ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx112/  --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module 

    6.执行make指令，调用gcc等编译工具
    make

    7.开始安装
    make install

    8.安装后启动nginx软件，找到二进制程序，以绝对路径执行
    /opt/ngx112/sbin/nginx

    9.检查环境变量，需要手动配置nginx的PATH路径，否则必须绝对路径才能找到
    编辑文件/etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
    写入export PATH=/opt/ngx112/sbin:$PATH

    10.退出回话，重新登录机器
    logout

    11.检查环境变量
    [root@chaogelinux ngx112]# cat /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
    export PATH=/opt/ngx112/sbin:$PATH

    12.启动nginx，可以访问页面