一、ifconfig

ifconfig 查看网络接口的信息，还能够临时性配置ip地址、子网掩码、广播地址、网关信息等，临时修改

  1. ifconfig            #查看网络接口信息
  2. ifocnfig ens33        #查看指定网卡的信息
  4. ifconfig 设备名 up/down    #开启关闭网卡
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 1.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up        #添加一个子接口
  2. [root@ylinux ~]# ifconfig
  3. ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  4.         inet 192.168.159.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.159.255
  5.         inet6 fe80::6953:78f7:5142:7005  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
  6.         ether 00:0c:29:6a:e3:84  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  7.         RX packets 10241  bytes 739265 (721.9 KiB)
  8.         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
  9.         TX packets 518  bytes 78426 (76.5 KiB)
  10.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  12. ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  13.         inet 1.1.1.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 1.1.1.255
  14.         ether 00:0c:29:6a:e3:84  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  17. [root@ylinux ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 hw ether 00:0c:29:6a:e3:88        #修改网卡的mac地址信息
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33        #ifconfig修改只是临时生效，永久生效需要写入网卡配置文件

二、route

linux机器上配置的都是静态路由，由运维人员通过route命令去管理；动态路由无需自己管理

  1. [root@ylinux ~]# route                #直接输入route查看路由信息，或者route -n
  2. Kernel IP routing table
  3. Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
  4. default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
  5. 192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
  6. 192.168.159.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
  7. Flags：路由标记，标识当前的网络状态；U UP运行状态    G 表示这个一个网关路由器    H 表示这个网关是一个主机    ！表示当前这个路由已经禁止
  10. [root@ylinux ~]# route del default    #删除默认路由
  12. [root@ylinux ~]# route add default gw 192.168.159.2        #添加默认路由
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 gw 192.168.159.2        #永久添加路由
  2. [root@ylinux ~]# route del -net 192.168.2.0/24 gw 192.168.159.2        #删除

三、IP

  1. [root@ylinux ~]# ip --help
  2. Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
  3.        ip [ -force ] -batch filename
  4. where  OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh（ARP） | ntable |
  5.                    tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
  6.                    netns | l2tp | fou | macsec | tcp_metrics | token | netconf | ila |
  7.                    vrf }
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# ip addr show        #查看所有的ip地址信息,ip a一样的
  2. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
  3.     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  4.     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  5.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  6.     inet6 ::1/128 scope host
  7.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  8. 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
  9.     link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:e3:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  10.     inet 192.168.159.150/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
  11.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  12.     inet6 fe80::6953:78f7:5142:7005/64 scope link noprefixroute
  13.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  14. 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
  15.     link/ether 52:54:00:11:41:08 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  16.     inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
  17.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  18. 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
  19.     link/ether 52:54:00:11:41:08 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  21. [root@ylinux ~]# ip link show ens33        #查看某个网卡的ip地址信息  -s详细
  22. 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
  23.     link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:e3:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  1. ip link set ens33 up/down    #开启关闭接口
  2. ip link set ens33 address x    #修改mac
  4. [root@ylinux ~]# ip a add 192.168.159.200/24 dev ens33        #针对网卡添加地址
  5. [root@ylinux ~]# ip a del 192.168.19.200/24 dev ens33        #删除ip地址
  6. ip address add x.x.x.x/x dev ens33 label x                    #添加别名
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# ip route            #查看路由信息
  2. default via 192.168.159.2 dev ens33
  3. 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1
  4. 192.168.159.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.159.150 metric 100
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# arp            #查看ARP信息
  2. Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
  3. 192.168.159.1            ether   00:50:56:c0:00:08   C                     ens33
  4. gateway                  ether   00:50:56:f8:50:1c   C                     ens33

四、netstat

显示网络连接情况，路由表信息，端口信息，网络连接情况等信息

  1. [root@ylinux ~]# netstat -an            #显示套间字
  2. Active Internet connections (servers and established)
  3. Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
  4. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
  5. tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# netstat -tunlp        #-t显示tcp情况    -u    udp情况    -n 不进行dns解析    -l 只显示正在监听中的套接字情况    -p 进程名情况
  2. Active Internet connections (only servers)
  3. Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
  4. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      738/rpcbind
  5. tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1670/dnsmasq
  6. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1202/sshd
  7. tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1203/cupsd
  8. tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1343/master
  9. tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4565/sshd: root@pts
  10. tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      738/rpcbind
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# netstat -i            #显示当前设备接口
  2. Kernel Interface table
  3. Iface             MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
  4. ens33            1500    15907      0      0 0          2647      0      0      0 BMRU
  5. lo              65536      144      0      0 0           144      0      0      0 LRU
  6. virbr0           1500        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMU
  1. [root@ylinux ~]# netstat -rn        #查看路由信息
  2. Kernel IP routing table
  3. Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
  4. 0.0.0.0         192.168.159.2   0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 ens33
  5. 192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virbr0
  6. 192.168.159.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 ens33

五、ping

  1. /etc/resolv.conf        #存在相关DNS配置文件