需求：使用 Spring 整合 RabbitMQ
步骤：
1）生产者
① 创建生产者工程 ② 添加依赖 ③ 配置整合 ④ 编写代码发送消息
2）消费者
① 创建生产者工程 ② 添加依赖 ③ 配置整合 ④ 编写消息监听器
1）创建工程
2）添加依赖
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId><version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.0</version><configuration><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
3）编写生产者配置
rabbitmq.properties：配置文件
rabbitmq.host=172.16.98.133
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
spring-rabbitmq-producter.xml：配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
<!--加载配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/>
<!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
port="${rabbitmq.port}"
username="${rabbitmq.username}"
password="${rabbitmq.password}"
virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
<!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
-->
<!--
id：bean的名称
name：queue的名称
auto-declare:自动创建
auto-delete:自动删除。 最后一个消费者和该队列断开连接后，自动删除队列
exclusive:是否独占
durable：是否持久化
-->
<!-- 简单工作模式 -->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播模式；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
<rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1" />
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:fanout-exchange>
<!--<rabbit:direct-exchange name="aa" >
<rabbit:bindings>
<!–direct 类型的交换机绑定队列 key ：路由key queue：队列名称–>
<rabbit:binding queue="spring_queue" key="xxx"></rabbit:binding>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>-->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~topic通配符模式；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
<!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
<rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>
<rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
<rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
<rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:topic-exchange>
<!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
<rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>
4）编写生产者代码发送消息
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml")
public class ProducerTest {
//1.注入 RabbitTemplate
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
//简单工作模式
public void testHelloWorld(){
//2.发送消息
//参数1：表示队列的名称
//参数2：表示发送消息的内容body
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue","hello world spring....");
}
/**
* 发布与订阅模式：fanout广播
*/
@Test
public void testFanout(){
//2.发送消息
//参数1：表示交换机的名称
//参数2：表示路由key的名称，fanout类型，默认路由key时空字符串，不指定
//参数3：表示发送消息内容body
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange","","spring fanout....");
}
/**
* topic主题模式，发送topic消息
*/
@Test
public void testTopics(){
//2.发送消息
//参数1：表示交换机的名称
//参数2：表示路由key的名称
//参数3：表示发送消息内容body
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange","heima.hehe.haha","spring topic....");
}
}
5）编写消费者配置
rabbitmq.properties：配置文件
rabbitmq.host=172.16.98.133
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml：配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
<!--加载配置文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/>
<!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
port="${rabbitmq.port}"
username="${rabbitmq.username}"
password="${rabbitmq.password}"
virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
<!-- 注入监听的bean，SpringQueueListener实现MessageListener接口，重写里面的toMessage方法 -->
<bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
<!--<bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>
<bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>
<bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>
<bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>
<bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>
-->
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
<!-- 监听某个队列 -->
<rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
<!-- <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
<rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>-->
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
6）消费者编写监听代码
创建SpringQueueListener类，实现MessageListsner接口
public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
@Override
//message：表示消费者获取队列里面的值
public void onMessage(Message message) {
//打印消息
System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
}
}
7）编写测试代码，让监听器类一直去监听队列是否有值。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml")
public class ConsumerTest {
@Test
public void test1(){
//一直去监听队列是否有值
while (true){
}
}
}
8）小结
- 使用 Spring 整合 RabbitMQ 将组件全部使用配置方式实现，简化编码
- Spring 提供 RabbitTemplate 简化发送消息 API
- 使用监听机制简化消费者编码
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