原文链接:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25135004-id-3139293.html
Megali是一款管理维护硬件RAID软件,可以通过它来了解当前raid卡的所有信息,包括 raid卡的型号,raid的阵列类型,raid 上各磁盘状态,等等。通常,我们对硬盘当前的状态不太好确定,一般通过机房人员巡检来完成,有没有通过软件的方式来检查确定这个问题呢。MegaCli就可以做到,一般通过 MegaCli 的Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 这两个数值来确定阵列中磁盘是否有问题;Medai Error Count 表示磁盘可能错误,可能是磁盘有坏道,这个值不为0值得注意,数值越大,危险系数越高,Other Error Count 表示磁盘可能存在松动,可能需要重新再插入。MegaCli 可以对阵列中所有的磁盘进行检测,我们可以通过脚本的方式来检测相关参数,从而通知管理人员。

一、 下载MegCli

目前针对公司DB数据库是IBM的服务器,直接从IBM官方下载,如果 其它服务器的,使用各官方下载或者 LSI网站上进行相关下载。一般来说,是通用的。这个包适用32 /64位操作系统平台
下载地址:ftp://download2.boulder.ibm.com/ecc/sar/CMA/XSA/ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip

二、 安装

unzip ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip

cd linux
# rpm -ivh Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.00.48-1.i386.rpm
说明:安装完毕之后MegaCli64所在路径为/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64,在此路径下可以运行MegaCli64工具,切换到其它路径下则不能执行,此时为了使用方便,可以考虑将/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64追加到系统PATH变量,或者像下面这样做(建议):

ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /bin/MegaCli64 ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /sbin/MegaCli64

三 、使用命令及参数

命令使用:
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL 查raid级别
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAllInfo -aALL 查raid卡信息
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL 查看硬盘信息#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -aAll 查看电池信息
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -FwTermLog -Dsply -aALL 查看raid卡日志
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -adpCount 【显示适配器个数】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpGetTime –aALL 【显示适配器时间】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpAllInfo -aAll 【显示所有适配器信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -LALL -aAll 【显示所有逻辑磁盘组信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aAll 【显示所有的物理信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL |grep ‘Charger Status’ 【查看充电状态】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL【显示BBU状态信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo -aALL【显示BBU容量信息】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo -aALL 【显示BBU设计参数】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties -aALL 【显示当前BBU属性】
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgdsply -aALL 【显示Raid卡型号,Raid设置,Disk相关信息】

磁带状态的变化,从拔盘,到插盘的过程中。

Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|NormalVirtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|OptimalPhysical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online

查看磁盘缓存策略

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -Cache -L0 -a0or
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -Cache -L1 -a0or
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -Cache -LALL -a0ro#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -Cache -LALL -aALLro#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -DskCache -LALL -aALL

设置磁盘缓存策略缓存策略解释:

WT (Write throughWB (Write back)NORA (No read ahead)RA (Read ahead)ADRA (Adaptive read ahead)CachedDirect
例子:
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDSetProp WT|WB|NORA|RA|ADRA -L0 -a0or
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDSetProp -Cached|-Direct -L0 -a0orenable / disable disk cache
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDSetProp -EnDskCache|-DisDskCache -L0 -a0

创建一个 raid5 阵列,由物理盘 2,3,4 构成,该阵列的热备盘是物理盘 5

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct -Hsp[1:5] -a0

创建阵列,不指定热备

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct -a0

删除阵列

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdDel -L1 -a0

在线添加磁盘

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDRecon -Start -r5 -Add -PhysDrv[1:4] -L1 -a0

阵列创建完后,会有一个初始化同步块的过程,可以看看其进度。

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInit -ShowProg -LALL -aALL或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInit -ProgDsply -LALL -aALL

查看阵列后台初始化进度

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDBI -ShowProg -LALL -aALL或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDBI -ProgDsply -LALL -aALL

指定第 5 块盘作为全局热备

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDHSP -Set [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0

指定为某个阵列的专用热备

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDHSP -Set [-Dedicated [-Array1]] [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0

删除全局热备

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDHSP -Rmv -PhysDrv[1:5] -a0
15.将某块物理盘下线/上线#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDOffline -PhysDrv [1:4] -a0#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDOnline -PhysDrv [1:4] -a0

查看物理磁盘重建进度

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -ShowProg -PhysDrv [1:5] -a0或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
#/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -ProgDsply -PhysDrv [1:5] -a0
磁带状态的变化,从拔盘,到插盘的过程中:Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|NormalVirtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|OptimalPhysical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online

查看当前raid缓存状态,raid缓存状态设置为wb的话要注意电池放电事宜,设置电池放电模式为自动学习模式

/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -ldgetprop -dskcache -lall -aall

raid 电池设置相关

查看电池状态信息(Display BBU Status Information) MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL

查看电池容量(Display BBU Capacity Information) MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo –aALL

查看电池设计参数(Display BBU Design Parameters) MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo –aALL

查看电池属性(Display Current BBU Properties) MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties –aALL

设置电池为学习模式为循环模式(Start BBU Learning Cycle) Description Starts the learning cycle on the BBU. No parameter is needed for this option. MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -BbuLearn -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL

设置磁盘的缓存模式和访问方式 (Change Virtual Disk Cache and Access Parameters) Description Allows you to change the following virtual disk parameters: -WT (Write through), WB (Write back): Selects write policy. -NORA (No read ahead), RA (Read ahead), ADRA (Adaptive read ahead): Selects read policy. -Cached, -Direct: Selects cache policy. -RW, -RO, Blocked: Selects access policy. -EnDskCache: Enables disk cache. -DisDskCache: Disables disk cache. MegaCli -LDSetProp { WT | WB|NORA |RA | ADRA|-Cached|Direct} | {-RW|RO|Blocked} | {-Name[string]} | {-EnDskCache|DisDskCache} –Lx | -L0,1,2|-Lall -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL MegaCli -LDSetProp WT -L0 -a0

显示磁盘缓存和访问方式(Display Virtual Disk Cache and Access Parameters) MegaCli -LDGetProp -Cache | -Access | -Name | -DskCache -Lx|-L0,1,2| -Lall -aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL Displays the cache and access policies of the virtual disk(s): -WT (Write through), WB (Write back): Selects write policy. -NORA (No read ahead), RA (Read ahead), ADRA (Adaptive read ahead): Selects read policy. -Cache, -Cached, Direct: Displays cache policy. -Access, -RW, -RO, Blocked: Displays access policy. -DskCache: Displays physical disk cache policy.

Megaraid 必知必会 使用LSI的megaraid可以对raid进行有效监控。别的厂商比如HP,IBM也有自己的raid API MegaCli -ldinfo -lall -aall 查询raid级别,磁盘数量,容量,条带大小。 MegaCli -cfgdsply -aALL |grep Policy 查询控制器cache策略 MegaCli -LDSetProp WB -L0 -a0 设置write back功能 MegaCli -LDSetProp CachedBadBBU -L0 -a0 设置即使电池坏了还是保持WB功能 MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -BbuLearn a0 手动充电 MegaCli -FwTermLog -Dsply -aALL 查询日志

显示适配器个数: MegaCli -adpCount

显示所有适配器信息: MegaCli -AdpAllInfo -aAll Critical Disks : 0 Failed Disks : 0

显示所有逻辑磁盘组信息: MegaCli -LDInfo -LALL -aAll 显示所有的物理信息: MegaCli -PDList -aAll Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0

查看充电状态: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL Learn Cycle Requested : No Fully Charged : Yes

显示BBU(后备电池)状态信息: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL 显示BBU容量信息: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuCapacityInfo -aALL 显示BBU设计参数: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuDesignInfo -aALL 显示当前BBU属性: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuProperties -aALL 显示Raid卡型号,Raid设置,Disk相关信息: MegaCli -cfgdsply -aALL 查看Cache 策略设置: MegaCli -cfgdsply -aALL |grep -i Policy Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, Write Cache OK if Bad BBU 查看充电进度百分比: MegaCli -AdpBbuCmd -GetBbuStatus -aALL

各种设备和磁盘的不同状态: Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|Normal Virtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|Optimal Physical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online

通过脚本检测RAID 磁盘状态

Linux下脚本

!/bin/bash

check raid disk status

MEGACLI=”/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 “ $MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | grep “Firmware state” | awk -F : ‘{print $2}’ | awk -F , ‘{print $1}’ >/tmp/fireware.log $MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | grep -E “Media Error|Other Error” | awk -F : ‘{print $2}’ >/tmp/disk.log for i in cat < /tmp/disk.log do if [ $i -ne 0 ] then curl “http://xxxxxxB&;state=ALARM&;description=raid_disk_error“ fi done for i in cat < /tmp/fireware.log do if [ $i != Online ] then curl “http://xxxxxxstate=ALARM&;description=raid_disk_offline“ fi done
Windows 下脚本

Windows下脚本用的工具是gnu for windows平台的一些软件,如 bash grep awk cat 通过bash直接调用脚本 如:G:/raid_check/unixtools>bash.exe G:/disk.sh

check raid disk status

MEGACLI=”//G/raid_check/MegaCli.exe” GREP=”//G/raid_check/unixtools/grep.exe” AWK=”//G/raid_check/unixtools/awk.exe” CAT=”//G/raid_check/unixtools/cat.exe” CURL=”//G/raid_check/unixtools/curl.exe” $MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | $GREP “Firmware state” |$AWK -F: ‘{print $2}’ |$AWK -F , ‘{print $1}’ >//c/fireware.log $MEGACLI -pdlist -aALL | $GREP -E “Media Error|Other Error” | $AWK -F : ‘{print $2}’ > //c/disk.log for i in $CAT c:/disk.log do if [ $i -ne 0 ] then $CURL “http://xxxxxx&;description=raid_disk_error“ fi done for i in $CAT c:/fireware.log do if [ $i != Online ] then $CURL “http://xxxxx&;state=ALARM&;description=raid_disk_offline“ fi