安装Ubuntu 18.04 服务器版

1. 安装步骤概括

  1. 官网下载live_server版本的iso包（大概967M） — mirrors address: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
  2. 修改时区，在安装过程中没有设置时区
  3. 修改国内的源（阿里、网易、中科大）
  4. 安装应用—JDK、mysql、nginx 等
  1. ## 1.设置ubuntu的时间 ##
  2. sudo tzselect
  3. # 选择亚洲(4)-中国(9)-选是(1)
  4. date  #检查时间，发现还没有效果
  5. sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime    # 到此再检查，才有效果
  1. ## 2.切换国内的源 ##
  2. cd /etc/apt
  3. sudo mv sources.list  sources.list.backup
  4. echo '' > sources.list
  5. vi sources.list
  6. # 保存退出后，执行更新
  7. sudo apt update
  8. sudo apt upgrade
  1. ## 替换sources.list中的内容 ##
  2. # 阿里源
  3. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  4. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  5. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  6. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  7. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  8. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  9. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  10. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  11. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  12. deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  14. # 网易
  15. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  16. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  17. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  18. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  19. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  20. deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  21. deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  22. deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  23. deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  24. deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  26. #中科大
  27. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  28. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  29. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  30. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  31. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  32. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  33. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  34. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  35. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  36. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  1. ## 3.配置JDK ##
  2. ## 卸载原有的openJDK
  3. sudo apt-get remove openjdk*
  4. ## 安装sun JDK
  5. mkdir /usr/lib/jdk
  6. sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u202-linux-x64.gz -C /usr/lib/jdk
  7. ## 添加有多个地方： /etc/profile 或者 ~/.bashrc
  8. sudo vi ~/.bashrc     # 修改环境变量
  9. # 在文件末尾追加jdk的配置
  10. # set sun jdk environment
  11. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk/jdk1.8.0_202 
  12. export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre  
  13. export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib  
  14. export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin 
  15. source ~/.bashrc   #让配置文件生效
  1. ## 安装mysql ##
  2. # 我已经提前下载了：mysql-server_5.7.33-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar（下载可以不登录，直接点击直接下载）
  3. mkdir /usr/lib/mysql
  4. sudo tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.33-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C /usr/lib/mysql/
  6. # 安装之前添加两个需要的依赖：
  7. sudo apt install -y libaio1 libmecab2
  9. # 对于mysql的deb文件，在安装的时候有先后顺序
  10. sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.33xxx
  11. sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.33xxx
  12. sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.33xxx
  13. sudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.33xxx
  14. sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.33xxx
  15. sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.33xxxx
  16. sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.33xxxx
  18. sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_5.7.33xxxxx   # 这个是用来设置mysql的root用户，所使用的密码。
  20. sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.33xxx
  21. sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.33xxxxx
  1. ## 卸载mysql的安装 ##
  2. dpkg --list|grep mysql
  3. sudo apt-get remove mysql-common
  4. sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql*
  5. sudo apt-get remove apparmor # 自动卸载mysql的程序
  6. dpkg -l|grep ^rc|awk '{print$2}'|sudo xargs dpkg -P  #清除残留数据
  8. rm -r /var/lib/mysql
  9. rm -r /etc/mysql
  1. ## 常见的dpkg命令 ##
  2. dpkg -i package.deb #安装包
  3. dpkg -r package#删除包
  4. dpkg -P package#删除包(包括配置文件)
  5. dpkg -L package#列出与该包关联的文件
  6. dpkg -l package#显示该包的版本
  1. # 登录到数据库，并添加远程访问权限
  2. grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root用户的密码' with grant option;
  3. flush privileges;
  5. # 修改配置文件
  6. vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.conf
  7. # 重启mysql服务
  8. /etc/init.d/mysql start|stop|restart
  1. ## Nginx的安装
  2. ### 1.安装前需要依赖
  3. sudo apt install -y build-essentail libtool openssl libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev gcc
  5. # 2.解压缩tar包
  6. sudo mkdir /usr/local/nginxsudo tar -zxvf /home/fred/downloads/nginx_1.6.0xxx -C /usr/local/nginx/
  8. # 3.开始安装
  9. cd /usr/local/nginx/nginx_1.6.0./configure --prefex=/usr/local/nginxmake && make install  
  11. #可能存在文件目录的权限问题，选用root用户启动吧~
  12. # 4. 启动和管理nginx
  13. cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/./nginx 
  15. # 管理
  16. sudo service nginx start       #启动
  17. sudo service nginx stop        #停止
  18. sudo service nginx restart     #重新启动
  19. sudo service nginx reload      #重新加载配置
  20. sudo nginx -t            #检查Nginx配置是否正确
  21. sudo nginx -s start      #启动
  22. sudo nginx -s stop       #停止
  23. sudo nginx -s restart    #重新启动
  24. sudo nginx -s reload     #重新加载配置
  1. 参考文档：https://blog.csdn.net/u013919855/article/details/85042660?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-2.control&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-2.control  #安装mysql