- https://blog.51cto.com/oldboy/1855442
参考学习图书:<跟老男孩学linux运维:shell编程实战 >">!/bin/sh
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
echo $”usage $0 url”
exit 1
fi
while true
do
if [curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 5 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1|egrep -w "200|301|302"|wc -l
-ne 1 ]
then
echo “$1 is error.”
#echo “$1 is error.”|mail -s “$1 is error.” 31333741—@qq.com
else
echo “$1 is ok”
fi
sleep 10
done
[root@web1 while-until]# ./4-9.sh
usage ./4-9.sh url
[root@web1 while-until]# ./4-9.sh www.baidu.com
www.baidu.com is ok
^C
[root@web1 while-until]# ./4-9.sh www.baidu1111.com
www.baidu1111.com is ok
^C
[root@web1 while-until]# ./4-9.sh www.111baidu1111.com
www.111baidu1111.com is error.
^C
[root@web1 while-until]#
参考学习引用:https://blog.51cto.com/oldboy/1855442
参考学习图书:<跟老男孩学linux运维:shell编程实战 >
一、while循环语句
1、循环语句
循环愈久就是重复执行一条指令或一组执行,知道条件不在满足时停止,shell循环语句包括,while、until、for、select语句
2、while循环
主要用来重复执行命令或语句,常用来守护进程或持续运行的程序,其实大多数循环都会用for循环语句
3、语法
4、流程图
二、until循环语句
1、until循环语句语法
until <条件表达式>
do
指令…
done
until 循环语句用法与while类似,只是until会在表达式不成立时,进入循环执行命令,表达式成立,终止循环,until应用场景非常罕见
三、知识补充
1、当型和直型循环的范例
shell中有两个休息命令:sleep 1 表示休息1秒,usleep 1000000 也表示休息1秒
1)每隔2秒输出一次系统负载
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test
test10.sh test14.sh test19.sh test22.sh test27.sh test31.sh test36.sh test7.sh
test11.sh test15.sh test1.sh test23.sh test28.sh test32.sh test3.sh test8.sh
test12-1.sh test16.sh test20.sh test24.sh test29.sh test33.sh test4.sh test9.sh
test12.sh test17.sh test21-1.sh test25.sh test2.sh test34.sh test5.sh
test13.sh test18.sh test21.sh test26.sh test30.sh test35.sh test6.sh
[root@web1 scripts]# cat test36.sh
#!/bin/bash
while true #while true 表示条件永远为真,就像是死循环一样,我们称为守护进程
do
uptime
sleep 2 #休息2秒,在继续循环,while true循环中最好添加类似sleep的命令,可以控制脚本频率,省资源,不然真成死循环了
done
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test36.sh
12:26:45 up 10 days, 1:50, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:26:47 up 10 days, 1:50, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:26:49 up 10 days, 1:51, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
2)每隔2秒在屏幕上输出一次负载并将负载值追加到log里,使用微秒单位
[root@web1 scripts]# cat test37.sh
#!/bin/bash
while [ 1 ]
do
uptime >>/tmp/uptime.log
usleep 2000000
done
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test37.sh
^C
[root@web1 scripts]# cat /tmp/uptime.log
12:31:41 up 10 days, 1:55, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:43 up 10 days, 1:55, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:45 up 10 days, 1:55, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:47 up 10 days, 1:55, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:49 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:51 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:53 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:55 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:57 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:31:59 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:01 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:03 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:05 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:07 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:09 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:11 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:32:13 up 10 days, 1:56, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
3)通过结尾使用&符合后台运行脚本
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test37.sh &
[1] 19536
[root@web1 scripts]# tail -f /tmp/uptime.log
12:46:07 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:09 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:11 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:14 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:16 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:18 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:20 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:22 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:24 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:26 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
12:46:28 up 10 days, 2:10, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
2、shell脚本后台运行的知识补充
1)用法及说明
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test37.sh & #后台运行脚本
[2] 32970
[1] Terminated ./test37.sh
[root@web1 scripts]# fg #将脚本放到前台执行,如果多脚本任务,可以使用fg加jobs输出的任务编号调出相应的脚本到前台
./test37.sh
^Z #使用ctrl+z快捷键,暂停脚本
[2]+ Stopped ./test37.sh
[root@web1 scripts]# bg #bg,将当前执行的脚本放到后台运行
[2]+ ./test37.sh &
[root@web1 scripts]# jobs #查看任务
[2]+ Running ./test37.sh &
[root@web1 scripts]# fg 2 #fg加jobs输出的任务号调出脚本到前台来运行
./test37.sh
^C
[root@web1 scripts]# jobs
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test37.sh &
[1] 33054
[root@web1 scripts]# jobs
[1]+ Running ./test37.sh &
[root@web1 scripts]# kill %1 #kill 命令关闭jobs任务脚本
[root@web1 scripts]# jobs
[1]+ Terminated ./test37.sh
[root@web1 scripts]#
四、范例
1、使用while循环竖向打印54321
[root@web1 scripts]# cat test38.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=5 #因为是从大到小,所以初始化i的值为5
while ((i>0)) #双小括号条件表达式,当i大于0不成立时就跳出循环
do
echo “$i” #打印变量i的值
((i—)) #i的值自减,每次减1
done
[root@web1 scripts]# ./test38.sh
5
4
3
2
1
[root@web1 scripts]#
2、使用双中括号条件表达式
[root@web1 while-until]# cat test39.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=5
while [[ $i > 0 ]]
do
echo $i
((i—))
done
[root@web1 while-until]# ./test39.sh
5
4
3
2
1
[root@web1 while-until]#
3、使用传参需要打印的数字
[root@web1 while-until]# cat test40.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=”$1”
while [[ $i -gt 0 ]]
do
echo $i
((i—))
done
[root@web1 while-until]# ./test40.sh 5
5
4
3
2
1
[root@web1 while-until]#
4、使用until语句实现
[root@web1 while-until]# cat test41.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=5
until [[ $i < 1 ]] #当条件表达式不成立时,进入循环执行命令,因为0<1成立,因此退出循环
do
echo $i
((i—))
done
[root@web1 while-until]# ./test41.sh
5
4
3
2
1
[root@web1 while-until]#
5、计算1加到100之和
[root@web1 while-until]# cat test42.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=1 #i为自增变量,从1到100,初始值1
sum=0 #总和变量初始值为0
while ((i<=100)) #条件是i小于等于100,也就是从1加到100
do
((sum=sum+i)) #把i的值和当前sum总和的值做加法结果重新赋值给sum
((i++)) #i每次加1
done
[ “$sum” -ne 0 ] && printf “totalsum is:$sum\n”
[root@web1 while-until]# ./test42.sh
totalsum is:5050
[root@web1 while-until]#
6、通过数学公式实现
[root@web1 while-until]# cat 4-6.sh
#!/bin/bash
i=100
((sum=i*(i+1)/2)) #利用数公式求和公式计算,效率很高
echo $sum
[root@web1 while-until]# ./4-6.sh
5050
7、猜数字游戏
#!/bin/bash
total=0
export LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8”
NUM=$((RANDOM%61))
echo “当前苹果价格是每斤$NUM元”
echo “========================”
usleep 1000000
clear
echo ‘这苹果多少钱一斤啊?
请猜0-60的数字’
apple(){
read -p “请输入你的价格:” PRICE
expr $PRICE + 1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
echo “别逗我了,快猜数字”
apple
fi
}
guess(){
((total++))
if [ $PRICE -eq $NUM ]
then
echo “猜对了,就是$NUM元”
if [ $total -le 3 ];then
echo “一共猜了$total次,太牛了。”
elif [ $total -gt 3 -a $total -le 6 ];then
echo “一共猜了$total次,次数有点多,加油啊。”
elif [ $total -gt 6 ];then
echo “一共猜了$total次,行不行,猜了这多次”
fi
exit 0
elif [ $PRICE -gt $NUM ]
then
echo “嘿嘿,要不你用这个价买?”
echo “再给你一次机会,请继续猜:”
apple
elif [ $PRICE -lt $NUM ]
then
echo “太低太低”
echo “再给你一次机会,请继续猜:”
apple
fi
}
main(){
apple
while true
do
guess
done
}
main
8、手机充值
手机充值10元,每发一次短信(输出当前余额)花费1角5分钱,当余额地域1角5分钱时就不能再发短信了,提示余额不足,请重置,充值后可以继续发短信
[root@oldboy C11]# cat 10_5_1.sh
#!/bin/sh
export LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8”
sum=15
msg_fee=15
msg_count=0
menu(){
cat <
==========================
1.充值
2.发消息
3.退出
==========================
END
}
recharge(){
read -p “请输入金额充值:” money
expr $money + 1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
echo “then money your input is error,must be int.”
else
sum=$(($sum+$money))
echo “当前余额为:$sum”
fi
}
sendInfo(){
if [ ${sum} -lt $msg_fee ]
then
printf “余额不足:$sum ,请充值。\n”
else
while true
do
read -p “请输入短信内容(不能有空格):” msg
sum=$(($sum-$msg_fee))
printf “Send “$msg” successfully!\n”
printf “当前余额为: $sum\n”
if [ $sum -lt 15 ]
then
printf “余额不足,剩余$sum分\n”
return
fi
done
fi
}
main(){
while true
do
menu
read -p “请输入数字选择:” num
case “$num” in
1)
recharge
;;
2)
sendInfo
;;
3)
exit
;;
*)
printf “选择错误,必须是{1|2|3}\n”
esac
done
}
main