虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气（一）
虚拟语态主要用于表示假设，而非客观存在的实时，虚拟语态主要用于表示假设，而非客观存在的实时，所陈述的是一个条件，不是一个事实，甚至完全与事实相反。其结构上主要通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
| 场景与范例 | 虚拟条件句 | 主句 |
|---|---|---|
| 与将来可能相反 | If + 主句 + did/were to/should do, | 主 + would/could/should/might do |
| 如果明天下雨，我们就取消课程 | If it rained/were to rain/should rain | We would cancel the course. |
| 与现在相反 | If + 主句 + did/were | 主 + would/could/should/might do |
| 如果我有钱的，我可能会买那个手机 | If I had enough money, | I might buy the phone. |
| 如果他在这的话，我们就能告诉他 | If he were here now, | We could tell him the news |
| 与过去相反 | If + 主句 + had done | 主 + would/could/should/might have done |
| 如果你没起这么晚，你应该完成作业 | If you hadn’t got up so late, | I would have finished your homework |
| 如果你早告诉我，我就不会生他的气 | If you had told me earlier, | I wouldn’t have been angry with him. |
【注意事项】：
虚拟语气与现在相反或与将来可能相反的场景中不能出现 was，全部换为were。
虚拟语气（二）-与主句相反
虚拟语态也可以搭配一些连词（without， but for， or， otherwise）来表示与主句相反。
要点是：条件句不做假设，而是陈述句或介词短语。
1、Without（没有）和but for（要不是）
| 主句 | 例句 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 与将来可能相反 | 主 + would/could/should/might do | 要没有你，我明天就可以完成作业 | Without you, i would finish my homework tomorrow. |
| 与现在相反 | 主 + would/could/should/might do | 如果没有阳光，我们星球就不会有生命 | Without sunlight, there would be no life on our planet. |
| 与过去相反 | 主 + would/could/should/might have done | 没有你的支持，我不能撑到现在 | Without your help, I couldn’t have supported till now. |
2、or 和 otherwise（否则）
表示将来或者现在，从句用现在，主句用would/could/should/might do
表示过去，从句用过去，主句用would/could/should/might +have done
| 场景与范例 | 虚拟条件句 | 主句 |
|---|---|---|
| 如果我有钱的，我可能会买那个手机 | I don’t have enough money, | or I might buy the phone. |
| 如果他在这的话，我们就能告诉他消息 | he is not here now, | Otherwise we could tell him the news |
| 他起晚了，不然他就能赶上火车 | He got up late, | Or he could have caught the train. |
| 他快没钱了，不然他就不会去找工作 | He was running out of money， | Otherwise he wouldn’t have looked for a job. |
| 如今科技发达，不然我们无法联系亲戚 | Nowadays, Technology is developed, | Otherwise we couldn’t contact our relatives. |
虚拟语气（三）-与从句相反
1、相似的句型搭配 would rather do STH. than do STH.宁愿…也不会… ，但不属于虚拟语气
2、虚拟语态也可以搭配连词（ as if(as though)/even if(though) 好像 /就算…也不…）表示与只从句相反。
3、错综时间虚拟语气，只有一种情况就是主句现在时，从句过去时，即当初以前假设做了，现在就会如何。
注：与将来相反的只需从句部分用（主 + would/could/should/might do），其他条件不变。
| 场景与范例 | 主句 | 条件从句 |
|---|---|---|
| Would rather | ||
| 我宁愿让了它也不会给你 | I would rather throw it than give you. | |
| 我宁愿告诉所有人也不会告诉他 | I would rather tell every one than tell him | |
| as if(as though)/even if(even though) | ||
| 他看起来好像醉了 | He looks as if | he were drunk |
| 就算我知道我也不会告诉你 | Even if I knew | I wouldn’t tell you |
| 错综时间虚拟语气 | ||
| 如果昨天下雨了，现在地面应该会湿的 | The ground would be wet | If it had rained yesterday |
| 如果你当初听我建议，现在不会后悔 | You wouldn’t regret now | If you had accepted my suggestion. |
| 如果我早上带雨衣，现在就不会湿了 | I wouldn’t be wet now | If I had taken the raincoat the morning |
| 如果我是你，我就不会重复做这事儿了 | I wouldn’t do that again | If I were you |
虚拟语气（四）-名词性从句的虚拟语气
名词性从句就是主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。从句是对句子成分的进一步说明。
动词 – 如下动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词使用should(可省略)+动词原形。即(should)+verb.
一个坚持：insist（注意：如果insist表示坚称，坚持说等意思时，不做虚拟使用）
两个命令：order / command
三个建议：advise / suggest / propose（注意：如果suggest不表示建议时，如翻译为表明、代表，则从句不用虚拟）
五个要求：demand / require / request / desire / ask
例句1：We suggest that Tom (should) have a rest.
例句2：He insisted that I (should) be present.
例句3：They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
名词 – 如下名词后面的表语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should(可省略)+动词原形，同上。
两个命令：order / command
三个建议：advice / suggestion / proposal
五个要求：demand / request / desire / ask
例句4：Our suggestion is that Tom (should) have a rest.
例句5：The judge’s order is that the prisoner (should) be killed the next day.
例句6：Their request is that we (should) send them to work there
主语从句虚拟语气，因为存在句子头重脚轻的原因，将后面的内容提前，并以it’s开头。
It‘s necessary / strange / hard / important + that + 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should) + 动词原形
例句1：It’s very important that we (should) master a foreign language.= That we should master a foreign language is very important.
例句2：It’s strange that he (should) reject to participate the party.
例句3：It’s necessary that we (should) brush our teeth.
It’s a pity<可惜> / a shame<丢人> / no wonder<怪不得> that (should) + verb.
例句4：It’s a shame that you failed the exam.<你错过这次机会这可惜>
例句5：It’s a pity that you missed a good opportunity.<他没考过这次考试真丢人>
例句6：It’s no wonder that he doesn’t want to come.<怪不得他不想来>
It’s (about/high) time + that…should（不可省略） + 动词/过去时
例句7：It’s time that we should go to bed / It’s about time that we went to bed. <这里强调人应该睡觉>
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