Docker的常用命令

帮助命令
镜像命令
容器命令
常用的其他命令
小结
作业练习

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

镜像命令

`docker images` 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小
# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id

`docker search` 搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10970     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4148      [OK]       
# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索星数大于3000的镜像

`docker pull` 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  # 如果不写tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete  # 分层下载 docker image的核心 联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
docker pull mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists  #联合文件系统 已经存在的文件不需要再下
1651b0be3df3: Already exists 
951da7386bc8: Already exists 
0f86c95aa242: Already exists 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists 
6d278bb05e94: Already exists 
497efbd93a3e: Already exists 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

`docker rmi` 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 容器id # 删除指定的容器
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id # 删除多个容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部容器

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个CentOS镜像来学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并使用

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name"   # 容器名字 如tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d              # 后台方式运行
-it             # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p              # 指定容器端口
                                -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 
                                -p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
                -p 容器端口
                容器端口
-P              # 随机指定端口
# 测试 启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash 
[root@1025b898f657 /]# ls  # 查看容器内的centos 基础版本 有些指令不完善
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@1025b898f657 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
        # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a      # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行的容器
-n=?    # 显示最近创建的容器 ？代表想要显示的个数
-q      # 只显示容器编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
1025b898f657   centos        "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             vigorous_driscoll
3bbbd20ebfae   hello-world   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago               great_cori

退出容器

exit # 容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止但退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id  # 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

启动停止容器

docker start 容器id # 启动指定容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启指定容器
docker stop 容器id # 关闭指定容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制关闭指定容器
docker stop $(docker ps -q) # 停止所有正在运行的容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
109a9e4d93701fcd62d24de408546df9453f747f82fc8d74afdc0edb4cf7ddc6
# 问题docker ps 发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑 docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 如 nginx 容器启动后发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id
# 显示日志 
-tf  # 显示日志 带上时间戳
--tail number  # 要显示的日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10  af41af6d517d  # 显示前10条日志

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id 
[root@localhost ~]# docker top af41af6d517d
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3293                3273                0                   00:11               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect af41af6d517d
[
    {
        "Id": "af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1",
        "Created": "2021-06-08T16:11:44.012734671Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3293,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-08T16:11:44.400958524Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1/af41af6d517ddb28a9b937e6e9a52d8cd9bced5c12f986a09f2037c75cf59bc1-json.log",
        "Name": "/confident_kapitsa",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2d06ad018aab349d50c09f3d9aa813e283e9654d11c8cdf41cd4ce518fa8f8ee-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7aa72e785757a3f4174929835c0cd6986e08bf6fa28fec65a8284663488f5334/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2d06ad018aab349d50c09f3d9aa813e283e9654d11c8cdf41cd4ce518fa8f8ee/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2d06ad018aab349d50c09f3d9aa813e283e9654d11c8cdf41cd4ce518fa8f8ee/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2d06ad018aab349d50c09f3d9aa813e283e9654d11c8cdf41cd4ce518fa8f8ee/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "af41af6d517d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "186d1b2fbd9cfec8f49dd40101b3dc47bf97e9c6d92df8b95ff0a189cfad7535",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/186d1b2fbd9c",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "944602d6fd5af269fca524d89571d729b670e93f670b0bbcc4386da4de43f6b4",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2b50586c472a79b46b4c3c8b742e6b2cf856034f9fc71fc576873be1324d3bad",
                    "EndpointID": "944602d6fd5af269fca524d89571d729b670e93f670b0bbcc4386da4de43f6b4",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是以后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一下配置
# 命令1
docker exec -it 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
af41af6d517d   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes             confident_kapitsa
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it af41af6d517d /bin/bash
[root@af41af6d517d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@af41af6d517d /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 16:11 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        17     0  0 16:32 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        32    17  0 16:32 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
# 命令2 
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
af41af6d517d   centos    "/bin/bash"   23 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes             confident_kapitsa
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach af41af6d517d
[root@af41af6d517d /]# 
正在执行当前的代码...
# 两个命令的区别
docker exec -it 容器id  # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach 容器id    # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@localhost home]# ls
admin
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
ffa44a9e0ccd   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             bold_buck
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost home]# docker attach ffa44a9e0ccd
[root@ffa44a9e0ccd /]# cd /home/
[root@ffa44a9e0ccd home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件 test.java
[root@ffa44a9e0ccd home]# touch test.java
[root@ffa44a9e0ccd home]# ls
test.java
[root@ffa44a9e0ccd home]# exit
exit
# 将这个文件拷贝到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp ffa44a9e0ccd:/home/test.java /home/
[root@localhost home]# ls
admin  test.java
# 这里是一个手动拷贝过程，未来我们使用 -V 卷技术，可以实现，自动同步

小结

  # 当前shell下attach 连接指定镜像
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container 
  # 通过Dockerfile 定制镜像
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  # 提交当前容器为新镜像
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或目录到宿主机上
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  # 创建一个新的容器，同run ,但不启动容器
  create      Create a new container
  # 查看docker的变化
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  # 从deoker 容器获取实时事件
  events      Get real time events from the server
  # 在已经存在的容器上运行命令
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import]
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  # 展示一个镜像形成历史
  history     Show the history of an image
  # 列出系统当前镜像
  images      List images
  # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export]
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  # 显示系统相关信息
  info        Display system-wide information
  # 查看容器详细信息
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  # kill 指定docker 容器
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  # 注册或登录一个docker源服务器
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  # 从当前docker registry 退出
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  # 输出当前容器日志信息
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  # 暂停容器
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  # 列出容器列表
  ps          List containers
  # 从docker 镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或库镜像
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  # 推送指定镜像或库镜像至docker 镜像源服务器
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  # 容器重命名
  rename      Rename a container
  # 重启运行的容器
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  # 移除一个或多个容器
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  # 移除一个或多个镜像
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  # 创建一个新容器并运行一个命令
  run         Run a command in a new container
  # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  # 在 docker hub 中查找镜像
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  # 启动容器
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  # 查看所有运行中的容器资源使用情况
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  # 停止容器
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  # 给源中镜像打标签
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  # 查看容器中运行的容器信息
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  # 取消暂停容器
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  # 更新一个或多个容器配置信息
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  # 查看docker 版本号
  version     Show the Docker version information
  # 截取docker停止运行时的信号量
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

src=http___blog.itpub.net_ueditor_php_upload_image_20200618_1592488251857376.png&refer=http___blog.itpub.jpg

作业练习

Docker 安装 Nginx

1. 搜索镜像 
[root@localhost home]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STAR
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        1498
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2033
2. 下载镜像
[root@localhost home]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
69692152171a: Pull complete 
30afc0b18f67: Pull complete 
596b1d696923: Pull complete 
febe5bd23e98: Pull complete 
8283eee92e2f: Pull complete 
351ad75a6cfa: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6d75c99af15565a301e48297fa2d121e15d80ad526f8369c526324f0f7ccb750
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
3. 查看镜像
[root@localhost home]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx         latest    d1a364dc548d   2 weeks ago    133MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   6 months ago   209MB
4. 启动镜像
[root@localhost home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
ca3353f3adafb24dea2e196b5bcea2b5289fa8467fc3678ef8d5a33baae8436c
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
ca3353f3adaf   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago    Up 6 seconds    0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
78d14e03e04f   centos    "/bin/bash"              30 minutes ago   Up 30 minutes      
5. 本机自测
[root@localhost home]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

Docker 安装 tomcat

# 官方的使用命令
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
docker run -it --rm -p 8888:8080 tomcat:9.0
# 我们之前的启动都是后台，停止容器之后，容器还是可以查到
# --rm 代表用完即删，一般用于测试
# 正常使用
docker run -it -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat:9.0  
# 启动容器测试发现tomcat启动成功，访问的页面是404
# 进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
8081f50767d2   tomcat:9.0   "catalina.sh run"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   0.0.0.0:8888->8080/tcp, :::8888->8080/tcp   great_jackson
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 8081f50767d2  /bin/bash
# 发现问题 1.Linux命令少了 2.没有webapps
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat# ll
bash: ll: command not found
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt     LICENSE  README.md     RUNNING.txt  conf  logs        temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin          lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# 
# 原因，阿里云默认是最小的镜像，把不必要的都剔除了，保证最小可运行环境
# 可以将webapps.dist里的文件拷贝到webapps下
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r  webapps.dist/* webapps
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@8081f50767d2:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
# 再次访问发现出现tomcat首页

部署 es + kibana

# 安装elasticsearch
# es 暴露的端口很多
# es 十分耗内存
# es 的数据需要挂载到安全目录
# --net somenetwork 网络配置 没有可以去掉
docker run -d --name elasticsearch --net somenetwork -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:tag
# 下载启动elasticsearch
docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.13.1
# 测试es是否启动成功了
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "4dcada7df025",
  "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  "cluster_uuid" : "YnRVjdhrQ7yKPPGhS7shPQ",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.13.1",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "9a7758028e4ea59bcab41c12004603c5a7dd84a9",
    "build_date" : "2021-05-28T17:40:59.346932922Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.8.2",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
# docker stats 查看cpu的状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME            CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O         PIDS
4dcada7df025   elasticsearch   0.27%     593.9MiB / 991MiB   59.93%    656B / 0B   1.86GB / 2.88MB   47
# 发现内存占比达到 59.93% 十分耗内存
# 关闭es 
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop elasticsearch 
elasticsearch
# 删除容器 否则执行下面的命令会出现容器名已存在报错 若下面命令改成--name elasticsearch01等名称可忽略
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm elasticsearch 
elasticsearch
# 增加使用内存的限制 修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.13.1
b9ac2f257e11d8a2f23499a51f756fdc864ff18f4c07027c29a9e8563dca5a63
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
b9ac2f257e11   elasticsearch:7.13.1   "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   8 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch
# 再次查看内存使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME            CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O        PIDS
b9ac2f257e11   elasticsearch   0.32%     429.5MiB / 991MiB   43.34%    656B / 0B   231MB / 2.44MB   46
#内存占比下降到 43.34% 配置成功生效

# 安装kibana
# 运行kibana 注意版本要与es一致
docker run -d --name kibana --net somenetwork -p 5601:5601 kibana:tag
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name kibana -p 5601:5601 kibana:7.13.1
Unable to find image 'kibana:7.13.1' locally
7.13.1: Pulling from library/kibana
7a0437f04f83: Already exists 
ad86619e7d57: Pull complete 
...
Digest: sha256:298a8520298f229f4be784f8fb204976b4e5215b89968f82bc45a469c00933ab
Status: Downloaded newer image for kibana:7.13.1
1082559a7d0e81473c62d40a2e87682197b4241fb60167f8b00cb7500e3cf17b
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
1082559a7d0e   kibana:7.13.1          "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   17 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp, :::5601->5601/tcp                                              kibana
b9ac2f257e11   elasticsearch:7.13.1   "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   3 hours ago      Up 3 hours      0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch
# 浏览器访问 http://192.168.1.211:5601/ 成功访问

# 配置 kibana连接es
# 停止 es 和 kibana
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
1082559a7d0e   kibana:7.13.1          "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   17 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp, :::5601->5601/tcp                                              kibana
b9ac2f257e11   elasticsearch:7.13.1   "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   3 hours ago      Up 3 hours      0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
1082559a7d0e
b9ac2f257e11
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
# 启动elasticsearch
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.13.1
9d59b7b0e8aa2c977f0869de64f6f0245dbfaf2e62f863c522331117c96f8d03
# 启动kibana
# --link  docker会自动在被连接容器内创建基于–link参数的环境变量 主要用来解决两个容器的连接问题
# 源容器（被链接的容器）和接收容器（主动去链接的容器）之间可以互相通信，并且接收容器可以获取源容器的一些数据，如源容器的环境变量。
# docker run -d --name  接收容器名(#如tomcat) --link 源容器(被连接容器)(#如mysql) 
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 5601:5601 --name kibana --link elasticsearch:elasticsearch docker.io/kibana:7.13.1
5e675ab4e89585caf73e7d6489c5964e2d3e92a258e75ffcb07456f4400b09e1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
5e675ab4e895   kibana:7.13.1          "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   6 seconds ago    Up 5 seconds    0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp, :::5601->5601/tcp                                              kibana
9d59b7b0e8aa   elasticsearch:7.13.1   "/bin/tini -- /usr/l…"   44 seconds ago   Up 43 seconds   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, :::9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp, :::9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch

测试：访问http://192.168.1.211:9200/ 以及 http://192.168.1.211:5601

帮助命令

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

docker search 搜索镜像

docker pull 下载镜像

docker rmi 删除镜像

容器命令

新建容器并使用

列出所有运行的容器

退出容器

删除容器

启动停止容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

查看日志

查看容器中的进程信息

查看镜像元数据

进入当前正在运行的容器

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

小结

作业练习

Docker 安装 Nginx

Docker 安装 tomcat

部署 es + kibana

`docker images` 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

`docker search` 搜索镜像

`docker pull` 下载镜像

`docker rmi` 删除镜像