索引别名类似代理一样

  1. GET _cat/aliases?v

单索引单别名绑定解绑

案例：假定公司基本信息索引需要变更

  1. PUT ckiss-company-002
  2. {
  3.   "aliases": {
  4.     "ckiss-company": {}
  5.   }, 
  6.   "mappings": {
  7.     "properties": {
  8.       "companyId": {
  9.         "type": "integer"
  10.       },
  11.       "companyName": {
  12.         "type": "keyword"
  13.       }
  14.     }
  15.   }
  16. }
  1. PUT ckiss-company-002/_doc/1
  2. {
  3.   "companyId": 1,
  4.   "companyName": "美团集团"
  5. }
  7. PUT ckiss-company-002/_doc/2
  8. {
  9.   "companyId": 2,
  10.   "companyName": "美团集团"
  11. }
  1. # 删除
  2. DELETE ckiss-company-002/_alias/ckiss-company
  3. #设置
  4. PUT ckiss-company-002/_alias/ckiss-company
  5. # 查看
  6. GET ckiss-company-002/_alias
  7. # 修改
  8. POST _aliases
  9. {
  10.   "actions": [
  11.     {
  12.       "remove": {
  13.         "index": "ckiss-company-002",
  14.         "alias": "ckiss-company"
  15.       }
  16.     },
  17.     {
  18.       "add": {
  19.         "index": "ckiss-company-002",
  20.         "alias": "ckiss-company-fianl"
  21.       }
  22.     }
  23.   ]
  24. }

索引别名不支持直接删除

filter别名查询过滤

案例：假设公司员工信息很多，按公司编号去做一些隔离查询

  1. DELETE company-staff-001
  2. PUT company-staff-001
  3. {
  4.   "mappings": {
  5.     "properties": {
  6.       "companyId": {
  7.         "type": "integer"
  8.       },
  9.       "userId": {
  10.         "type": "keyword"
  11.       },
  12.       "userName":{
  13.         "type": "keyword"
  14.       }
  15.     }
  16.   }
  17. }
  1. PUT company-staff-001/_doc/1
  2. {
  3.   "companyId": 1,
  4.   "userId": "111",
  5.   "userName": "lisi"
  6. }
  8. PUT company-staff-001/_doc/2
  9. {
  10.   "companyId": 1,
  11.   "userId": "121",
  12.   "userName": "zhangs"
  13. }
  15. PUT company-staff-001/_alias/company-staff
  16. {
  17.   "filter": {
  18.     "term": {
  19.       "userId": "121"
  20.     }
  21.   }
  22. }
  24. GET company-staff/_search
  25. {}
  1. "hits" : [
  2.     {
  3.       "_index" : "company-staff-001",
  4.       "_type" : "_doc",
  5.       "_id" : "2",
  6.       "_score" : 1.0,
  7.       "_source" : {
  8.         "companyId" : 1,
  9.         "userId" : "121",
  10.         "userName" : "zhangs"
  11.       }
  12.     }
  13.   ]

routing 路由控制

假设公司员工信息很多，按照公司编号做一些隔离查询

  1. DELETE company-staff-001
  2. PUT company-staff-001
  3. {
  4.   "settings": {
  5.     "number_of_shards": 3
  6.   }, 
  7.   "mappings": {
  8.     "properties": {
  9.       "companyId": {
  10.         "type": "integer"
  11.       },
  12.       "userId": {
  13.         "type": "keyword"
  14.       },
  15.       "userName":{
  16.         "type": "keyword"
  17.       }
  18.     }
  19.   }
  20. }
  22. #指定路由
  23. PUT company-staff-001/_doc/1?routing=1
  24. {
  25.   "companyId": 1,
  26.   "userId": "111",
  27.   "userName": "员工111"
  28. }
  30. PUT company-staff-001/_doc/2
  31. {
  32.   "companyId": 2,
  33.   "userId": "121",
  34.   "userName": "员工121"
  35. }
  37. PUT company-staff-001/_doc/3
  38. {
  39.   "companyId": 3,
  40.   "userId": "123",
  41.   "userName": "员工123"
  42. }
  44. GET company-staff-001/_search
  45. {}
  47. # 建立别名时候指定路由过滤数据
  48. PUT company-staff-001/_alias/company-staff
  49. {
  50.   "routing": "1"
  51. }

is_write_index 读写控制

  • is_write_index读写关键字
  • 创建一个索引读别名
  • 创建一个索引写别名

    is_write_index设置了此索引是可以通过此别名被写入的索引

  1. # 创建索引
  2. PUT company-staff-002
  3. {
  4.   "mappings": {
  5.     "properties": {
  6.       "companyId": {
  7.         "type": "integer"
  8.       },
  9.       "userId": {
  10.         "type": "keyword"
  11.       },
  12.       "userName":{
  13.         "type": "keyword"
  14.       }
  15.     }
  16.   }
  17. }
  18. # 获取别名
  19. GET company-staff-001/_alias
  20. # 删除已经建立的别名
  21. DELETE company-staff-001/_alias/company-staff
  23. #设置读写属性
  24. POST /_aliases
  25. {
  26.   "actions": [
  27.     {
  28.       "add": {
  29.         "index": "company-staff-001",
  30.         "alias": "company-staff",
  31.         "is_write_index": false
  32.       }
  33.     },
  34.     {
  35.       "add": {
  36.         "index": "company-staff-001",
  37.         "alias": "company-staff",
  38.         "is_write_index": true
  39.       }
  40.     }
  41.   ]
  42. }

alias 批量操作api

  • actions : 别名操作关键字
  • add：新增别名操作
  • remove：删除别名操作
  • is_write_index: 读写分离机设置
  • search_routing: 查询路由字段，路由值随意设置
  • index_routing: 写入路由字段

索引模板

索引模板创建

  • _template: 模板关键字，遗留版本
  • _index_template：模板关键字，新版本
  • index_patterns：索引模板匹配关键字，索引匹配可指定前缀和后缀

    案例：公司基本信息定期创建新索引，按照年份月份创建，限制动态增加索引字段，新增的字段仅仅保留元数据，设置索引别名，设置字段数量与属性，设置索引分片与副本。

dynamic

  • true：遇到陌生字段，就进行dynamic mapping
  • false：遇到陌生字段，就忽略
  • strict：遇到陌生字段，就报错 ```json GET _template GET _cat/templates?v

DELETE _template/ckiss-company-tp01

新建模板

PUT _template/ckiss-company-tp01 { “index_patterns”: [ “ckiss-company-2022“, “company-“ ], “settings”: { “number_of_shards”: 3, “number_of_replicas”: 1, “refresh_interval”: “15s” }, “mappings”: { “_source”: { “enabled”: true }, “properties”: { “companyId”: { “type”: “integer” }, “userId”: { “type”: “keyword” }, “userName”: { “type”: “keyword” } }, “dynamic”: false }, “aliases”: { “ckiss-company”: {} } }

PUT ckiss-company-2022-01/_create/1 { “companyId”: 1, “userId”: “111”, “userName”: “员工111” }

PUT ckiss-company-2022-01/_create/2 { “companyId”: 2, “userId”: “112”, “userName”: “员工112”, “area”: { “province”: “HB” } }

检索

GET ckiss-company-2022-01/_mapping GET ckiss-company/_search GET _template/ckiss-company-tp01

  1. <a name="qPVH7"></a>
  2. #### 组件式索引模板：`_component_template`
  4. - `_component_template`：组件模板关键字
  5. - 与索引模板创建语法类似，不能指定匹配规则，需要与索引模板一起使用
  6. - `composed_of`: 索引模板组合多个组件模板参数
  7. > 假定公司基本信息包括 区域信息；员工信息也包括区域信息，可以将区域信息独立 出来设计，需要的时候组合在 一起
  9. ```json
  10. GET _component_template
  12. PUT _component_template/area_tp01
  13. {
  14.   "template": {
  15.     "mappings": {
  16.       "properties": {
  17.         "area":{
  18.           "properties": {
  19.             "province":{
  20.               "type": "keyword"
  21.             },
  22.             "city":{
  23.               "type": "keyword"
  24.             },
  25.             "country": {
  26.               "type": "keyword"
  27.             }
  28.           }
  29.         }
  30.       }
  31.     }
  32.   }
  33. }
  35. GET _index_template
  36. GET _cat/templates
  38. DELETE _index_template/company_tp30
  40. PUT _index_template/company_tp30
  41. {
  42.   "index_patterns": [
  43.     "company-20*",
  44.     "company-*"
  45.   ],
  46.   "template": {
  47.     "settings": {
  48.       "number_of_shards": 1,
  49.       "number_of_replicas": 1,
  50.       "refresh_interval": "1s"
  51.     }
  52.   },
  53.   "priority": 30,
  54.   "composed_of": [
  55.     "area_tp01"
  56.   ]
  57. }
  59. # 数据
  60. DELETE company-2022
  61. PUT company-2022/_create/1
  62. {
  63.   "companyId": 1,
  64.   "companyName": "华住集团",
  65.   "area": {
  66.     "province": "HB",
  67.     "city": "WH",
  68.     "county": "HS"
  69.   }
  70. }
  72. GET company-2022

根据别名索引不停机重建

  1. # 1.index_old取一个别名index_service，index_service对外提供服务
  2. POST /_aliases
  3. {
  4.   "actions": [
  5.     {
  6.       "add": {
  7.         "index": "index_old",
  8.         "alias": "index_service"
  9.       }
  10.     }
  11.   ]
  12. }
  14. # 2.新创建一个索引index_new，数据结构与index_old一样，但是name字段的类型为keyword
  15. PUT index_new
  16. {
  17.   "mappings": {
  18.     "_doc": {
  19.       "properties": {
  20.         "id": {"type": "long"},
  21.         "name": {"type": "keyword"}
  22.       }
  23.     }
  24.   }
  25. }
  27. # 3.将index_old的数据同步到index_new
  28. POST /_reindex?wait_for_completion=false
  29. {
  30.   "source": {
  31.     "index": "index_old"
  32.   },
  33.   "dest": {
  34.     "index": "index_new"
  35.   }
  36. }
  37. # wait_for_completion=true，同步执行，会一直等待直到同步完成或者报错，默认
  38. # wait_for_completion=false，异步执行，返回taskId，然后后台进行同步，数据量大的情况下建议使用
  40. # 4.将index_old的别名删除，index_new的别名设置为index_service
  41. POST /_aliases
  42. {
  43.   "actions": [
  44.     {
  45.       "remove": {
  46.         "index": "index_old",
  47.         "alias": "index_service"
  48.       }
  49.     },
  50.     {
  51.       "add": {
  52.         "index": "index_new",
  53.         "alias": "index_service"
  54.       }
  55.     }
  56.   ]
  57. }
  59. # 5.删除index_old
  60. DELETE /index_old