命令方式添加

命令：在容器启动运行时加上 -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录
命令（带权限）：在容器启动运行时加上 -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录:ro
ro是readonly只读的缩写，加上之后表示容器内的数据卷只能读不能写，读的是宿主机共享过来的
可能遇到的异常：
描述：cannot open directory..Permission denied
解决： -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录后面追加 —privileged=true
示例：

[linguo@VM-4-6-centos ~]$ docker run -it -v /home/linguo/hostTomcatData:/data/containerTomcatData centos
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos ~]$ docker run -it -v /home/linguo/hostTomcatData:/data/containerTomcatData:ro centos
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos ~]$ docker run -it -v /home/linguo/hostTomcatData:/data/containerTomcatData --privileged=true centos

验证数据卷是否挂在成功，查看容器运行的详细信息可观察到容器卷的绑定关系

[linguo@VM-4-6-centos ~]$ docker inspect 69701504837c
[
    {
        ...
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/linguo/hostTomcatData:/data/containerTomcatData"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            }
         ...
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/linguo/hostTomcatData",
                "Destination": "/data/containerTomcatData",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,  容器是否可以读写数据卷
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        ...
   }
]

验证容器和宿主机之间的数据共享，符合特点：1.数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据2.卷中的更改可以直接生效

1.在宿主机新建文件，验证容器是否存在该文件
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ sudo touch host.txt
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ ls
host.txt
[root@69701504837c containerTomcatData]# ls
host.txt
2.在容器内新建文件，验证宿主机是否存在该文件
[root@69701504837c containerTomcatData]# touch container.txt
[root@69701504837c containerTomcatData]# ls
container.txt  host.txt
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ ls
container.txt  host.txt

验证容器停止退出后，宿主机修改后的数据是否同步，符合特点：1.数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据2.卷中的更改可以直接生效

1.停止容器运行
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
69701504837c   centos    "/bin/bash"   24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             vigilant_haibt
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ docker stop 69701504837c
69701504837c
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ 
2.宿主机新建文件
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ touch test_exit_container.txt
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ ls
container.txt  host.txt  test_exit_container.txt
3.重启启动容器并验证是否同步
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ docker ps -n 1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
69701504837c   centos    "/bin/bash"   26 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             vigilant_haibt
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos hostTomcatData]$ docker start 69701504837c
69701504837c
[linguo@VM-4-6-centos ~]$ docker attach 69701504837c
[root@69701504837c /]# ls data/containerTomcatData/
container.txt  host.txt  test_exit_container.txt