DockerFile结构、保留字指令

FROM debian:bullseye-slim
# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r -g 999 redis && useradd -r -g redis -u 999 redis
# grab gosu for easy step-down from root
# https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.14
RUN set -eux; \
savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates dirmngr gnupg wget; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture | awk -F- '{ print $NF }')"; \
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch"; \
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$dpkgArch.asc"; \
export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
gpg --batch --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4; \
gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
gpgconf --kill all; \
rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc; \
apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark > /dev/null; \
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu; \
gosu --version; \
gosu nobody true
ENV REDIS_VERSION 7.0-rc3
ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL https://github.com/redis/redis/archive/7.0-rc3.tar.gz
ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA a3775c84e2c57d78b8dbef539db4340f69d9af35ebfea7bba5ca528509338975
RUN set -eux; \
\
savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
apt-get update; \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
ca-certificates \
wget \
\
dpkg-dev \
gcc \
libc6-dev \
libssl-dev \
make \
; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
\
wget -O redis.tar.gz "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL"; \
echo "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA *redis.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -; \
mkdir -p /usr/src/redis; \
tar -xzf redis.tar.gz -C /usr/src/redis --strip-components=1; \
rm redis.tar.gz; \
\
# disable Redis protected mode [1] as it is unnecessary in context of Docker
# (ports are not automatically exposed when running inside Docker, but rather explicitly by specifying -p / -P)
# [1]: https://github.com/redis/redis/commit/edd4d555df57dc84265fdfb4ef59a4678832f6da
grep -E '^ *createBoolConfig[(]"protected-mode",.*, *1 *,.*[)],$' /usr/src/redis/src/config.c; \
sed -ri 's!^( *createBoolConfig[(]"protected-mode",.*, *)1( *,.*[)],)$!\10\2!' /usr/src/redis/src/config.c; \
grep -E '^ *createBoolConfig[(]"protected-mode",.*, *0 *,.*[)],$' /usr/src/redis/src/config.c; \
# for future reference, we modify this directly in the source instead of just supplying a default configuration flag because apparently "if you specify any argument to redis-server, [it assumes] you are going to specify everything"
# see also https://github.com/docker-library/redis/issues/4#issuecomment-50780840
# (more exactly, this makes sure the default behavior of "save on SIGTERM" stays functional by default)
\
# https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/issues/467 -- we need to patch the "./configure" for the bundled jemalloc to match how Debian compiles, for compatibility
# (also, we do cross-builds, so we need to embed the appropriate "--build=xxx" values to that "./configure" invocation)
gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
extraJemallocConfigureFlags="--build=$gnuArch"; \
# https://salsa.debian.org/debian/jemalloc/-/blob/c0a88c37a551be7d12e4863435365c9a6a51525f/debian/rules#L8-23
dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
case "${dpkgArch##*-}" in \
amd64 | i386 | x32) extraJemallocConfigureFlags="$extraJemallocConfigureFlags --with-lg-page=12" ;; \
*) extraJemallocConfigureFlags="$extraJemallocConfigureFlags --with-lg-page=16" ;; \
esac; \
extraJemallocConfigureFlags="$extraJemallocConfigureFlags --with-lg-hugepage=21"; \
grep -F 'cd jemalloc && ./configure ' /usr/src/redis/deps/Makefile; \
sed -ri 's!cd jemalloc && ./configure !&'"$extraJemallocConfigureFlags"' !' /usr/src/redis/deps/Makefile; \
grep -F "cd jemalloc && ./configure $extraJemallocConfigureFlags " /usr/src/redis/deps/Makefile; \
\
export BUILD_TLS=yes; \
make -C /usr/src/redis -j "$(nproc)" all; \
make -C /usr/src/redis install; \
\
# TODO https://github.com/redis/redis/pull/3494 (deduplicate "redis-server" copies)
serverMd5="$(md5sum /usr/local/bin/redis-server | cut -d' ' -f1)"; export serverMd5; \
find /usr/local/bin/redis* -maxdepth 0 \
-type f -not -name redis-server \
-exec sh -eux -c ' \
md5="$(md5sum "$1" | cut -d" " -f1)"; \
test "$md5" = "$serverMd5"; \
' -- '{}' ';' \
-exec ln -svfT 'redis-server' '{}' ';' \
; \
\
rm -r /usr/src/redis; \
\
apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark > /dev/null; \
find /usr/local -type f -executable -exec ldd '{}' ';' \
| awk '/=>/ { print $(NF-1) }' \
| sort -u \
| xargs -r dpkg-query --search \
| cut -d: -f1 \
| sort -u \
| xargs -r apt-mark manual \
; \
apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
\
redis-cli --version; \
redis-server --version
RUN mkdir /data && chown redis:redis /data
VOLUME /data
WORKDIR /data
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EXPOSE 6379
CMD ["redis-server"]

指令图：

解释补充：
ENV：
ENV MY_PATH /usr/mytest
这个环境变量可以在后续的任何RUN指令 中使用，这就如同在命令的前面指定了环境变量前缀一样
也可以在其他指令中直接使用这些环境变量，比如：WORKDIR $MY_PATH

CMD:
CMD指令的格式和RUN相似，也是两种格式
shell格式：CMD <命令>
exec格式：CMD [“可执行文件”,”参数1”,”参数2”…] 必须使用双引号
参数列表格式：CMD [“参数1”,”参数2”…]。在指定了ENTRYPOINT指令后，用CMD指定具体的参数。

CMD会被docker run的参数覆盖，ENTRYPOINT不会被覆盖而是被追加