一、在centos7上安装PostgreSQL:12

官网文档地址：[https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/](https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/)

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql12-server
sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-12
sudo systemctl start postgresql-12

二、navicat远程连接postgres数据库

• ①：编辑/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf配置文件：

  vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf

  ```bash

  listen_addresses = ‘localhost’

  port = 5432

以上是修改前的配置,如上:

以下是修改后的配置,如下:

listen_addresses = ‘*’ port = 5432

-  ②：编辑`/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf`配置文件：  
> 使用`navicat`连接`posgres`数据库时，需要将`METHOD`类型配置为`md5`。具体参考下边的案例。
```bash
vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            ident
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               ident
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 ident
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
local   replication     all                                     peer
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            ident
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 ident
以上是修改前的配置,如上:
=========================================================================
以下是修改后的配置,如下:
# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               md5 # 新增一行
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
local   replication     all                                     peer
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            ident
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 ident

• ③：重启PostgreSQL服务

  sudo systemctl restart postgresql-12

三、修改PostgreSQL数据库默认用户postgres的密码

PostgreSQL数据库创建一个postgres用户作为数据库的管理员，密码随机，所以需要修改密码，方式如下：

• ①：登录PostgreSQL

  sudo -u postgres psql

• ②：修改登录PostgreSQL密码

  ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';

  • 密码postgres要用引号引起来。
  • 命令最后有;分号。

• ③：退出PostgreSQL客户端

  \q

• ④：重启PostgreSQL服务

  sudo systemctl restart postgresql-12

四、防火墙开发PostgreSQL数据库的端口号

• ①：开发指定端口号

  sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent

• ②：更新防火墙规则

  sudo firewall-cmd --reload

• ③：查看所有打开的端口

  sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports