概述单一职责原则 (Single Responsibility Principle)接口隔离原则 (Interface Segregation Principle )依赖倒置原则 (Dependence Inversion Principle)里式替换原则 (Liskov Substitution Principle )开闭原则(Open Closed Principle)迪米特法则/最少知识原则(Law of Demeter / Least Knowledge Principle)合成复用原则(Composite Reuse Principle)