类型 所占字节 取值范围
    int 4 -2147483648~2147483647,即-2^31~2^31-1
    short 2 -32768~32767,即-2^15~2^15-1
    long 4 -2147483648~2147483647,即-2^31~2^31-1
    long long 8 -9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807,即-2^63~2^63-1
    unsigned int 4 0~4294967295,即0~2^32-1
    unsigned short 2 0~65535,即0~2^16-1
    unsigned long 4 0~4294967295,即0~2^32-1
    unsigned long long 8 0~18446744073709551615,即0~2^64-1