保存并搜索数据
编写:Lin-H - 原文:http://developer.android.com/training/search/search.html
有很多方法可以储存你的数据,比如储存在线上的数据库,本地的SQLite数据库,甚至是文本文件。你自己来选择最适合你应用的存储方式。本节课程会向你展示如何创建一个健壮的可以提供全文搜索的SQLite虚拟表。并从一个每行有一组单词-解释对的文件中将数据填入。
创建虚拟表
虚拟表与SQLite表的运行方式类似,但虚拟表是通过回调来向内存中的对象进行读取和写入,而不是通过数据库文件。要创建一个虚拟表,首先为该表创建一个类:
public class DatabaseTable {private final DatabaseOpenHelper mDatabaseOpenHelper;public DatabaseTable(Context context) {mDatabaseOpenHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(context);}}
在DatabaseTable类中创建一个继承SQLiteOpenHelper的内部类。你必须重写类SQLiteOpenHelper中定义的abstract方法,才能在必要的时候创建和更新你的数据库表。例如,下面一段代码声明了一个数据库表,用来储存字典app所需的单词。
public class DatabaseTable {private static final String TAG = "DictionaryDatabase";//字典的表中将要包含的列项public static final String COL_WORD = "WORD";public static final String COL_DEFINITION = "DEFINITION";private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "DICTIONARY";private static final String FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE = "FTS";private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;private final DatabaseOpenHelper mDatabaseOpenHelper;public DatabaseTable(Context context) {mDatabaseOpenHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(context);}private static class DatabaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {private final Context mHelperContext;private SQLiteDatabase mDatabase;private static final String FTS_TABLE_CREATE ="CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE " + FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE +" USING fts3 (" +COL_WORD + ", " +COL_DEFINITION + ")";DatabaseOpenHelper(Context context) {super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);mHelperContext = context;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {mDatabase = db;mDatabase.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE);}@Overridepublic void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to "+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE);onCreate(db);}}}
填入虚拟表
现在,表需要数据来储存。下面的代码会向你展示如何读取一个内容为单词和解释的文本文件(位于res/raw/definitions.txt),如何解析文件与如何将文件中的数据按行插入虚拟表中。为防止UI锁死这些操作会在另一条线程中执行。将下面的一段代码添加到你的DatabaseOpenHelper内部类中。
Tip:你也可以设置一个回调来通知你的UI activity线程的完成结果。
private void loadDictionary() {new Thread(new Runnable() {public void run() {try {loadWords();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}).start();}private void loadWords() throws IOException {final Resources resources = mHelperContext.getResources();InputStream inputStream = resources.openRawResource(R.raw.definitions);BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));try {String line;while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {String[] strings = TextUtils.split(line, "-");if (strings.length < 2) continue;long id = addWord(strings[0].trim(), strings[1].trim());if (id < 0) {Log.e(TAG, "unable to add word: " + strings[0].trim());}}} finally {reader.close();}}public long addWord(String word, String definition) {ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();initialValues.put(COL_WORD, word);initialValues.put(COL_DEFINITION, definition);return mDatabase.insert(FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE, null, initialValues);}
任何恰当的地方,都可以调用loadDictionary()方法向表中填入数据。一个比较好的地方是DatabaseOpenHelper类的onCreate())方法中,紧随创建表之后:
@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {mDatabase = db;mDatabase.execSQL(FTS_TABLE_CREATE);loadDictionary();}
搜索请求
当你的虚拟表创建好并填入数据后,根据SearchView提供的请求搜索数据。将下面的方法添加到DatabaseTable类中,用来创建搜索请求的SQL语句:
public Cursor getWordMatches(String query, String[] columns) {String selection = COL_WORD + " MATCH ?";String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {query+"*"};return query(selection, selectionArgs, columns);}private Cursor query(String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String[] columns) {SQLiteQueryBuilder builder = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();builder.setTables(FTS_VIRTUAL_TABLE);Cursor cursor = builder.query(mDatabaseOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase(),columns, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null);if (cursor == null) {return null;} else if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {cursor.close();return null;}return cursor;}
调用getWordMatches()来搜索请求。任何符合的结果返回到Cursor中,可以直接遍历或是建立一个ListView。这个例子是在检索activity的handleIntent()方法中调用getWordMatches()。请记住,因为之前创建的intent filter,检索activity会在ACTION_SEARCH intent中额外接收请求作为变量存储:
DatabaseTable db = new DatabaseTable(this);...private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);Cursor c = db.getWordMatches(query, null);//执行Cursor并显示结果}}
