特点
链栈
栈的链接存储结构成为链栈,利用链表实现,链表中的每一个元素由两部分信息组成,一部分是存储其本身的信息(数据域),一部分是存储一个指示其直接后继的信息,即直接后继的存储位置(指针域)
对于链式栈,无栈满的问题,空间可以扩充,插入与删除仅在栈顶处执行,链式栈的栈顶在链头。
入栈操作:插入一个新元素node,只能在链接在栈顶处,指针域指向原栈顶元素(node.next = top;),栈顶指针top再指向这个新元素(top = node)
出栈操作:只能删除栈顶元素,删除时,栈顶指针指向原来栈顶元素的指针域。node = top; top = top.next; return node.data;
class Node {
constructor(element) {
this.element = element;
this.next = null;
}
}
/**
* 属性:
* length:栈的长度
* top:栈顶指针
*
* 方法:
* push:入栈
* pop:出栈
* peek:读栈顶数据元素
* toSting:遍历栈将每个节点值转换为字符串,并返回结果
* isEmpty:判断栈是否为空
* size:栈的数据元素个数
* clear:清除栈数据
*/
class LinkStack {
constructor() {
this.length = 0;
this.top = null; // 栈顶指针
}
push(element) {
let curNode;
let node = new Node(element);
//如果栈顶是null则新元素节点直接作为栈顶
if (!this.top) {
this.top = node;
} else {
// 将新元素节点取代栈顶,并且指向的节点是原来栈顶元素节点
curNode = this.top;
node.next = curNode;
this.top = node; // 插入的新元素为栈顶
}
this.length++;
}
pop() {
let curNode = this.top;
if (this.top === null) {
return null;
}
let element = curNode.element;
this.top = curNode.next; // 栈顶指针指向原来栈顶元素的指针域
this.length--;
return element;
}
peek() {
if (this.top === null) {
return null;
}
return this.top.element;
}
toString() {
let str = "";
let curNode = this.top;
while (curNode) {
str += curNode.element + ",";
curNode = curNode.next;
}
str = str.slice(0, str.length - 1);
return str;
}
isEmpty() {
return this.top === null;
}
size() {
return this.length;
}
clear() {
this.top = null;
this.length = 0;
}
}
const linkStack = new LinkStack();
let size = linkStack.size();
console.log("size:", size);
let isEmpty = linkStack.isEmpty();
console.log("isEmpty:", isEmpty);
let peek = linkStack.peek();
console.log("读取栈顶:", peek);
let pop = linkStack.pop();
console.log(pop, "出栈");
let toString = linkStack.toString();
console.log("toString:", toString);
linkStack.push("A");
linkStack.push("B");
linkStack.push("C");
linkStack.push("D");
toString = linkStack.toString();
console.log("toString:", toString);
pop = linkStack.pop();
console.log(pop, "出栈");
pop = linkStack.pop();
console.log(pop, "出栈");
pop = linkStack.pop();
console.log(pop, "出栈");
toString = linkStack.toString();
console.log("toString:", toString);
peek = linkStack.peek();
console.log("读取栈顶:", peek);
size = linkStack.size();
console.log("size:", size);
顺序栈
栈,又叫堆栈,比列表高效,因为栈内的元素只能通过列表的一端访问,称为栈顶,数据只能在栈顶添加或删除,遵循先入后出(LIFO,last-in-first-out) 的原则,普遍运用于计算机的方方面面
顺序栈:利用一组地址连续的存储单元一次存放自栈底到栈顶的数据元素,把数组中下标为0的一端作为栈底对栈的操作主要有两种,一是将一个元素压入栈,push方法,另一个就是将栈顶元素出栈,pop方法。
/**
属性:
stackArray:存储栈数据
方法:
pop:出栈,删除栈顶元素,并且返回该值
push:入栈,在栈顶将新元素入栈
peek:查看当前栈顶元素,仅仅是查看,并不删除
isEmpty:判断是否为空
size:查看当前栈元素的总数
clear:清空栈内元素
toString:遍历栈查看所有元素
*/
class ArraySatck {
constructor() {
this.datas = [];
}
isEmpty() {
return this.datas.length === 0;
}
size() {
return this.datas.length;
}
push(item) {
this.datas.push(item);
}
pop() {
if (this.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return this.datas.pop(); // 原生js数组pop方法删除最后一个元素并且返回
}
peek() {
if (this.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return this.datas[this.size() - 1];
}
clear() {
this.datas = [];
}
toString() {
return this.datas.toString();
}
}
const arraySatck = new ArraySatck();
let isEmp = arraySatck.isEmpty();
console.log("是否为空", isEmp);
length = arraySatck.size();
console.log("栈长度", length);
let pop = arraySatck.pop();
console.log(pop + "出栈");
let peek = arraySatck.peek();
console.log("查看栈顶", peek);
let str = arraySatck.toString();
console.log("toSting", str);
arraySatck.push("A");
arraySatck.push("B");
arraySatck.push("C");
arraySatck.push("D");
arraySatck.push("E");
isEmp = arraySatck.isEmpty();
console.log("是否为空", isEmp);
length = arraySatck.size();
console.log(length);
pop = arraySatck.pop();
console.log(pop + "出栈");
pop = arraySatck.pop();
console.log(pop + "出栈");
peek = arraySatck.peek();
console.log("查看栈顶", peek);
str = arraySatck.toString();
console.log("toSting", str);
arraySatck.clear();
str = arraySatck.toString();
console.log("after clear toSting", str);
let arr = arraySatck.datas;
console.log("datas", arr);