简介

Compose是用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。通过Compose，您可以使用YAML文件来配置应用程序的服务。然后，使用一个命令，就可以从配置中创建并启动所有服务。
使用Compose基本上是一个三步过程：

  1. 使用定义您的应用环境，Dockerfile 以便可以在任何地方复制。
  2. 定义组成应用程序的服务，docker-compose.yml 以便它们可以在隔离的环境中一起运行。
  3. Run docker-compose up and Compose启动并运行您的整个应用程序。

一个docker-compose.yml看起来像这样：

  1. version: "3.8"
  2. services:
  3.   web:
  4.     build: .
  5.     ports:
  6.       - "5000:5000"
  7.     volumes:
  8.       - .:/code
  9.       - logvolume01:/var/log
  10.     links:
  11.       - redis
  12.   redis:
  13.     image: redis
  14. volumes:
  15.   logvolume01: {}

安装

https://github.com/docker/compose/releases
添加文件路径到系统环境变量中

上手体验

步骤1：设置

  1. 为项目创建目录：

    1. $ mkdir composetest
    2. $ cd composetest

  2. app.py在项目目录中创建一个名为的文件，并将其粘贴到：

    1. import time
    2. import redis
    3. from flask import Flask
    4. app = Flask(__name__)
    5. cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
    6. def get_hit_count():
    7.  retries = 5
    8.  while True:
    9.      try:
    10.          return cache.incr('hits')
    11.      except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
    12.          if retries == 0:
    13.              raise exc
    14.          retries -= 1
    15.          time.sleep(0.5)
    16. @app.route('/')
    17. def hello():
    18.  count = get_hit_count()
    19.  return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

  3. requirements.txt在项目目录中创建另一个名为的文件，并将其粘贴到：

    1. flask
    2. redis

    步骤2：创建 Dockerfile

    1. FROM python:3.7-alpine
    2. WORKDIR /code
    3. ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
    4. ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
    5. RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
    6. COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
    7. RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
    8. EXPOSE 5000
    9. COPY . .
    10. CMD ["flask", "run"]

    步骤3：编写Docker-compose.yml

    docker-compose.yml在项目目录中创建一个名为的文件，然后粘贴以下内容：

    1. version: "3.8"
    2. services:
    3. web:
    4.  build: .
    5.  ports:
    6.    - "5000:5000"
    7. redis:
    8.  image: "redis:alpine"

    步骤4：生成运行项目

    docker-compose up 运行项目

    其他命令

    https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/

    YML文件释义

    1. version: "3.8" # docker-compose 文件格式版本
    2. services:          # 服务内容
    3. web:                # web服务，自建
    4.  build: .
    5.  ports:
    6.    - "5000:5000"
    7. redis:       # redis服务
    8.  image: "redis:alpine"
    9. volume:        # 数据卷

    上述docker-compose.yml文件中释义，更多命令查看：https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/

    Docker-compose CLI

    | 命令 | 释义 | | —- | —- | | docker-compose up | 启动并创建容器 | | docker-compose pause | 暂停容器 | | docker-compose unpause | 取消暂停容器 | | docker-compose down | 停止容器 | | docker-compose restart | 重启容器 | | docker-compose rm | 删除容器 | | docker-compose ps | 查看运行的容器列表 | | docker-compose logs | 查看容器日志 |

更多命令：https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/overview/

  1. Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
  3. Usage:
  4.   docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [--] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
  5.   docker-compose -h|--help
  7. Options:
  8.   -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file
  9.                               (default: docker-compose.yml)
  10.   -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name
  11.                               (default: directory name)
  12.   -c, --context NAME          Specify a context name
  13.   --verbose                   Show more output
  14.   --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
  15.   --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters
  16.   -v, --version               Print version and exit
  17.   -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to
  19.   --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  20.   --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  21.   --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  22.   --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  23.   --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  24.   --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
  25.                               name specified in the client certificate
  26.   --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
  27.                               (default: the path of the Compose file)
  28.   --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert keys
  29.                               in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent (DEPRECATED)
  30.   --env-file PATH             Specify an alternate environment file
  32. Commands:
  33.   build              Build or rebuild services
  34.   config             Validate and view the Compose file
  35.   create             Create services
  36.   down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
  37.   events             Receive real time events from containers
  38.   exec               Execute a command in a running container
  39.   help               Get help on a command
  40.   images             List images
  41.   kill               Kill containers
  42.   logs               View output from containers
  43.   pause              Pause services
  44.   port               Print the public port for a port binding
  45.   ps                 List containers
  46.   pull               Pull service images
  47.   push               Push service images
  48.   restart            Restart services
  49.   rm                 Remove stopped containers
  50.   run                Run a one-off command
  51.   scale              Set number of containers for a service
  52.   start              Start services
  53.   stop               Stop services
  54.   top                Display the running processes
  55.   unpause            Unpause services
  56.   up                 Create and start containers
  57.   version            Show version information and quit

Wordpress应用

  1. version: '3.3'
  3. services:
  4.    db:
  5.      image: mysql:5.7
  6.      volumes:
  7.        - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
  8.      restart: always
  9.      environment:
  10.        MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: somewordpress
  11.        MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
  12.        MYSQL_USER: wordpress
  13.        MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
  15.    wordpress:
  16.      depends_on:
  17.        - db
  18.      image: wordpress:latest
  19.      ports:
  20.        - "8000:80"
  21.      restart: always
  22.      environment:
  23.        WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
  24.        WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
  25.        WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress
  26.        WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
  27. volumes:
  28.     db_data: {}

My_ENV

  1. version: '3.8'
  2. services:
  3.   htppbin:
  4.     restart: always
  5.     image: kennethreitz/httpbin
  6.     container_name: httbin
  7.     ports:
  8.       - 6001:80
  10.   node-red:
  11.     restart: always
  12.     image: nodered/node-red:latest
  13.     container_name: node-red
  14.     ports:
  15.       - 6002:1880
  16.     depends_on:
  17.       - htppbin
  19.   drawio:
  20.     restart: always
  21.     image: jgraph/drawio:latest
  22.     container_name: drawio
  23.     ports:
  24.       - 6003:8080
  25.     depends_on:
  26.       - node-red
  27.   emqx:
  28.     restart: always
  29.     image: emqx/emqx:latest
  30.     container_name: emqx
  31.     ports:
  32.       [
  33.         '8081:8081',
  34.         '8083:8083',
  35.         '8084:8084',
  36.         '1883:1883',
  37.         '8883:8883',
  38.         '18083:18083',
  39.       ]
  40.     environment:
  41.       - 'EMQX_NAME=emqx'
  42.       - 'EMQX_HOST=node1.emqx.io'
  43.     depends_on:
  44.       - drawio