镜像的结构
- docker镜像是一个典型的分层结构
- 只有最上面一层是可写的 其他都是只读的固化到镜像的
- 每次推送都是增量的
镜像名称的结构${registry_ name}/${repository. name}/${image. name}:${tag. name}
例如:docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.1
登陆到dokcer.io
[root@alice ~]# docker login docker.ioLogin with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.Username: mmdghhPassword:WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. Seehttps://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-storeLogin Succeeded[root@alice ~]#
查看已经登陆的信息
[root@alice ~]# cat /root/.docker/config.json
{
"auths": {
"https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
"auth": "5bCP5LiR56uf5Zyo5oiR6Lqr6L65"
}
},
"HttpHeaders": {
"User-Agent": "Docker-Client/18.09.5 (linux)"
}
}[root@alice ~]#
注: 此处的密码可以用echo "5bCP5LiR56uf5Zyo5oiR6Lqr6L65" |base64 -d 进行解码
搜索镜像
[root@alice ~]# docker search alpine
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
alpine A minimal Docker image based on Alpine Linux… 7047 [OK]
mhart/alpine-node Minimal Node.js built on Alpine Linux 478
anapsix/alpine-java Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.28 over A… 466 [OK]
frolvlad/alpine-glibc Alpine Docker image with glibc (~12MB) 251 [OK]
gliderlabs/alpine Image based on Alpine Linux will help you wi… 183
alpine/git A simple git container running in alpine li… 161 [OK]
mvertes/alpine-mongo light MongoDB container 117 [OK]
yobasystems/alpine-mariadb MariaDB running on Alpine Linux [docker] [am… 79 [OK]
alpine/socat Run socat command in alpine container 62 [OK]
kiasaki/alpine-postgres PostgreSQL docker image based on Alpine Linux 45 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 with… 43 [OK]
jfloff/alpine-python A small, more complete, Python Docker image … 38 [OK]
byrnedo/alpine-curl Alpine linux with curl installed and set as … 34 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-sshd Dockerize your OpenSSH-server with rsync and… 32 [OK]
zenika/alpine-chrome Chrome running in headless mode in a tiny Al… 27 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-fpm-php FPM-PHP 7.0 to 8.0, shipped along with tons … 25 [OK]
etopian/alpine-php-wordpress Alpine WordPress Nginx PHP-FPM WP-CLI 24 [OK]
bashell/alpine-bash Alpine Linux with /bin/bash as a default she… 18 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-java-unlimited-jce Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.21 over A… 13 [OK]
roribio16/alpine-sqs Dockerized ElasticMQ server + web UI over Al… 11 [OK]
spotify/alpine Alpine image with `bash` and `curl`. 11 [OK]
cfmanteiga/alpine-bash-curl-jq Docker Alpine image with Bash, curl and jq p… 6 [OK]
ellerbrock/alpine-mysql-client MySQL Client based on Alpine Linux 1 [OK]
bushrangers/alpine-caddy Alpine Linux Docker Container running Caddys… 1 [OK]
dwdraju/alpine-curl-jq Alpine Docker Image with curl, jq, bash 0 [OK]
[root@alice ~]#
拉取镜像
如果不指定tag 默认下载最新版本 latest
[root@alice ~]# docker pull alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
801bfaa63ef2: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3c7497bf0c7af93428242d6176e8f7905f2201d8fc5861f45be7a346b5f23436
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
[root@alice ~]#
也可以指定版本下载
[root@alice ~]# docker pull alpine:3.10.3
3.10.3: Pulling from library/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.10.3
[root@alice ~]# docker pull docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.3
3.10.3: Pulling from library/alpine
Digest: sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Status: Image is up to date for alpine:3.10.3
[root@alice ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]#
如果使用官方的docker.io 可以不写前面的docker.io/library/ 因为默认就是公开的 如果是自己的或者其他仓库 需要写全
给镜像打tag(标签)
[root@alice ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
[root@alice ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
mmdghh/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]#
IMAGE ID一样的话说明镜像是一样的 前面的tag只是一个指针 就像软链接
推送到远程仓库
[root@alice ~]# docker push docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mmdghh/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine
received unexpected HTTP status: 504 Gateway Time-out
[root@alice ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@alice ~]# docker push docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mmdghh/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine
Head https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/mmdghh/alpine/blobs/sha256:965ea09ff2ebd2b9eeec88cd822ce156f6674c7e99be082c7efac3c62f3ff652: net/http: TLS handshake timeout
[root@alice ~]# docker push docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mmdghh/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine
Post https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/mmdghh/alpine/blobs/uploads/: net/http: TLS handshake timeout
[root@alice ~]# docker push docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mmdghh/alpine] # 能推送的原因是之前登陆过了
77cae8ab23bf: Layer already exists
v3.10.3: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528
[root@alice ~]#
前面几次都失败了 因为网络不稳定
推送后可以在网页看到对应的镜像
推送一个latest版本
[root@alice ~]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:latest
[root@alice ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
mmdghh/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
mmdghh/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]# docker push docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mmdghh/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Layer already exists # 这层已经存在 不会重复推送(增量)
latest: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528
[root@alice ~]#
删除镜像
[root@alice ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
mmdghh/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
mmdghh/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]# docker rmi 965ea09ff2eb
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 965ea09ff2eb (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories #这个ID有多个tag 所以需要用-f 来删除
[root@alice ~]# docker rmi -f 965ea09ff2eb
Untagged: alpine:3.10.3
Untagged: alpine@sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a 先去掉tag再删除
Untagged: mmdghh/alpine:latest
Untagged: mmdghh/alpine:v3.10.3
Untagged: mmdghh/alpine@sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a
Deleted: sha256:965ea09ff2ebd2b9eeec88cd822ce156f6674c7e99be082c7efac3c62f3ff652
Deleted: sha256:77cae8ab23bf486355d1b3191259705374f4a11d483b24964d2f729dd8c076a0
[root@alice ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
[root@alice ~]#
上面的删除操作只是删除了本地的镜像，不会对远程仓库的镜像产生影响
[root@alice ~]# docker pull docker.io/mmdghh/alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from mmdghh/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mmdghh/alpine:latest
[root@alice ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB
mmdghh/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB
[root@alice ~]#
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