陈述式管理方法
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Usage: kubectl get resource [-o wide|json|yaml] [-n namespace]Man: 获取资源的相关信息，-n 指定名称空间，-o 指定输出格式resource可以是具体资源名称，如pod nginx-xxx；也可以是资源类型，如pod；或者all(仅展示几种核心资源，并不完整)-A, --all-namespace 表示显示所有名称空间
~]# kubectl get cs
~]# kubectl get node -o wide
~]# kubectl get svc -o wide -n kube-system
~]# kubectl get pod -A
~]# kubectl get pod nginx-ds-jdp7q -o yaml # 可以导出yaml文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2020-01-13T13:13:02Z"
generateName: nginx-ds-
labels:
app: nginx-ds
......
根据标签筛选
--show-labels 显示所有标签
-l app 仅显示标签为app的资源
-l app=nginx 仅显示包含app标签，且值为nginx的资源
~]# kubectl get pod -n app --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod-02 1/1 Running 0 9h app=nginx,release=stable,version=v1.12
pod-demo 1/1 Running 9 9h app=centos7,environment=dev,release=stable
~]# kubectl get pod -n app --show-labels -l app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod-02 1/1 Running 0 9h app=nginx,release=stable,version=v1.12
pod-demo 1/1 Running 9 9h app=centos7,environment=dev,release=stable
~]# kubectl get pod -n app --show-labels -l app=nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
pod-02 1/1 Running 0 9h app=nginx,release=stable,version=v1.12
describe
Usage: kubectl describe (-f FILENAME | TYPE [NAME_PREFIX | -l label] | TYPE/NAME) [-n namespace]
Man: 描述某个资源信息
~]# kubectl describe svc nginx-web
Name: nginx-web
......
~]# kubectl describe pod -l app=nginx-web
Name: nginx-web-796c86d7cd-8kst5
Namespace: default
......
其它集群信息
~]# kubectl version # 集群版本
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"15", GitVersion:"v1.15.2", GitCommit:"f6278300bebbb750328ac16ee6dd3aa7d3549568", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-08-05T09:23:26Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"15", GitVersion:"v1.15.2", GitCommit:"f6278300bebbb750328ac16ee6dd3aa7d3549568", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-08-05T09:15:22Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
~]# kubectl cluster-info # 集群信息
Kubernetes master is running at http://localhost:8080
CoreDNS is running at http://localhost:8080/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/coredns:dns/proxy
kubernetes-dashboard is running at http://localhost:8080/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'
创建资源
create
Uage: kubectl create -f filename.yaml
kubectl create resourece [options]
Man: 根据清单文件或者指定的资源参数创建资源
创建名称空间
~]# kubectl create namespace app
~]# kubectl get ns app
NAME STATUS AGE
app Active 10s
创建deployment
~]# kubectl create deployment app-deploy --image=harbor.od.com/public/nginx:latest -n app
~]# kubectl get all -n app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/app-deploy-5b5649fc4-plbxg 1/1 Running 0 13s
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/app-deploy 1/1 1 1 13s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/app-deploy-5b5649fc4 1 1 1 13s
创建service资源
Usage: Usage: kubectl expose TYPE NAME [--port=port] [--protocol=TCP|UDP|SCTP] [--target-port=n] [--name=name] [--external-ip=external-ip-of-service] [options]
Man: TYPE为deployment,NAME为depoly资源名称，port和target-port分别为集群和pod的端口
~]# kubectl expose deployment app-deploy --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=app-svc -n app
~]# kubectl describe svc app-svc -n app
Name: app-svc
Namespace: app
Labels: app=app-deploy
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=app-deploy
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 192.168.28.124
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 172.7.21.8:80
扩缩容
Usage: kubectl scale --replicas=COUNT TYPE NAME [options]
Man: 对资源进行扩缩容，即修改副本数
~]# kubectl get deploy web-deploy
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
web-deploy 2/2 2 2 37m
~]# kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment web-deploy # 扩容
~]# kubectl get deploy web-deploy
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
web-deploy 3/5 5 3 38m
~]# kubectl scale --replicas=1 deployment web-deploy # 缩容
~]# kubectl get deploy web-deploy
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
web-deploy 1/1 1 1 38m
删除资源
Usage: kubectl delete ([-f FILENAME] | [-k DIRECTORY] | TYPE [(NAME | -l label | --all)]) [options]
Man: 删除指定资源
~]# kubectl get deployment -n app
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/app-deploy 1/1 1 1 35m
~]# kubectl delete deployment app-deploy -n app
deployment.extensions "app-deploy" deleted
~]# kubectl delete ns app
namespace "app" deleted
强制删除
~]# kubectl delete pod nginx-dp-5dfc689474-4whfn -n kube-public --force --grace-period=0
进入容器
Usage: kubectl exec (POD | TYPE/NAME) [-c CONTAINER] [flags] -- COMMAND [args...] [options]
~]# kubectl exec nginx-web-796c86d7cd-zx2b9 -it -- /bin/bash # 交互式
root@nginx-web-796c86d7cd-zx2b9:/# exit
exit
~]# kubectl exec nginx-web-796c86d7cd-zx2b9 -- cat /etc/resolv.conf # 不进入容器执行命令
nameserver 192.168.0.2
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local host.com
options ndots:5
~]# kubectl exec nginx-web-796c86d7cd-zx2b9 cat /etc/resolv.conf # 不进入容器执行命令
nameserver 192.168.0.2
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local host.com
options ndots:5
如果一个pod有两个container需要使用-c参数选择进入的container
查看资源清单文档
~]# kubectl api-versions # 查看api-version信息
apps/v1
node.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1
......
Usage: kubectl explain RESOURCE [options]
Man: 查看各个字段的解释，随着k8s版本的更新，不同资源的Apiversion会发生变化，当出现API错误时，需要查询当前的API版本
~]# kubectl explain pod.spec.containers
KIND: Pod
VERSION: v1
RESOURCE: containers <[]Object>
陈述式资源管理方法小结：
1.kubernetes集群管理集群资源的唯一入口是通过相应的方法调用apiserver的接口
2.kubectl是官方的CLI命令行工具，用于与apiserver进行通信，将用户在命令行输入的命令，组织并转化为 apiserver能识别的信息，进而实现管理k8s各种资源的一种有效途径
3.kubectl的命令大全
kubectl —help
k8s中文文档
声明式管理方法
主要依赖统-资源配置清单( manifest )进行管理
~]# kubectl explain deployment.metadata
~]# kubectl explain service.metadata
~]# kubectl edit daemonset nginx-ds
~]# kubectl apply -f nginx-ds.yaml
~]# kubectl delete -f nginx-ds.yaml
GUI式管理方法
主要依赖图形化操作界面( web页面)进行管理
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