// 多次调用仅执行一次指定的函数 f
func (o *Once) Do(f func())
例的fooOnce函数只执行一次打印。
func fooOnce(){
fmt.Println("只会执行一次")
}
func main() {
var once sync.Once
done := make(chan int)
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
go func(index int) {
once.Do(fooOnce)
done <- index
}(i)
}
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("接手到的数据",<-done)
}
}
单例模式
package main
import (
"fmt"
"sync"
)
type Singleton struct {
}
var singleInstance *Singleton
var once sync.Once
func GetSingletonObj() *Singleton {
once.Do(func() {
fmt.Println("Create object")
singleInstance = new(Singleton)
})
return singleInstance
}
func main() {
var wg sync.WaitGroup
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
wg.Add(1)
go func() {
obj := GetSingletonObj()
fmt.Printf("%p\n", obj)
wg.Done()
}()
}
wg.Wait()
}
源码
package sync
import (
"sync/atomic"
)
// Once is an object that will perform exactly one action.
type Once struct {
// done indicates whether the action has been performed.
// It is first in the struct because it is used in the hot path.
// The hot path is inlined at every call site.
// Placing done first allows more compact instructions on some architectures (amd64/x86),
// and fewer instructions (to calculate offset) on other architectures.
done uint32
m Mutex
}
// Do calls the function f if and only if Do is being called for the
// first time for this instance of Once. In other words, given
// var once Once
// if once.Do(f) is called multiple times, only the first call will invoke f,
// even if f has a different value in each invocation. A new instance of
// Once is required for each function to execute.
//
// Do is intended for initialization that must be run exactly once. Since f
// is niladic, it may be necessary to use a function literal to capture the
// arguments to a function to be invoked by Do:
// config.once.Do(func() { config.init(filename) })
//
// Because no call to Do returns until the one call to f returns, if f causes
// Do to be called, it will deadlock.
//
// If f panics, Do considers it to have returned; future calls of Do return
// without calling f.
//
func (o *Once) Do(f func()) {
// Note: Here is an incorrect implementation of Do:
//
// if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&o.done, 0, 1) {
// f()
// }
//
// Do guarantees that when it returns, f has finished.
// This implementation would not implement that guarantee:
// given two simultaneous calls, the winner of the cas would
// call f, and the second would return immediately, without
// waiting for the first's call to f to complete.
// This is why the slow path falls back to a mutex, and why
// the atomic.StoreUint32 must be delayed until after f returns.
if atomic.LoadUint32(&o.done) == 0 {
// Outlined slow-path to allow inlining of the fast-path.
o.doSlow(f)
}
}
func (o *Once) doSlow(f func()) {
o.m.Lock()
defer o.m.Unlock()
if o.done == 0 {
defer atomic.StoreUint32(&o.done, 1)
f()
}
}