管理ViewGroup中的触摸事件
编写:Andrwyw - 原文:http://developer.android.com/training/gestures/viewgroup.html
因为很多时候是用ViewGroup的子类来做不同触摸事件的目标,而不是ViewGroup本身,所以处理ViewGroup中的触摸事件需要特别注意。 为了确保每个view能正确地接收到它们想要的触摸事件,可以重写onInterceptTouchEvent()函数。
在ViewGroup中截获触摸事件
每当在ViewGroup(包括它的子View)的表面上检测到一个触摸事件,onInterceptTouchEvent()都会被调用。如果onInterceptTouchEvent()返回true,MotionEvent就被截获了,这表示它不会被传递给其子View,而是传递给该父view自身的onTouchEvent()方法。
onInterceptTouchEvent()方法让父view能够在它的子view之前处理触摸事件。如果我们让onInterceptTouchEvent()返回true,则之前处理触摸事件的子view会收到ACTION_CANCEL事件,并且该点之后的事件会被发送给该父view自身的onTouchEvent()函数,进行常规处理。onInterceptTouchEvent()也可以返回false,这样事件沿view层级分发到目标前,父view可以简单地观察该事件。这里的目标是指,通过onTouchEvent()处理消息事件的view。
接下来的代码段中,MyViewGroup继承自ViewGroup。MyViewGroup有多个子view。如果我们在某个子View上水平地拖动手指,该子view不会接收到触摸事件,而是应该由MyViewGroup处理这些触摸事件来滚动它的内容。然而,如果我们点击子view中的button,或垂直地滚动子view,则父view不会截获这些触摸事件,因为子view本身就是预定目标。在这些情况下,onInterceptTouchEvent()应该返回false,MyViewGroup的onTouchEvent()也不会被调用。
public class MyViewGroup extends ViewGroup {private int mTouchSlop;...ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();...@Overridepublic boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {/** This method JUST determines whether we want to intercept the motion.* If we return true, onTouchEvent will be called and we do the actual* scrolling there.*/final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);// Always handle the case of the touch gesture being complete.if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {// Release the scroll.mIsScrolling = false;return false; // Do not intercept touch event, let the child handle it}switch (action) {case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {if (mIsScrolling) {// We're currently scrolling, so yes, intercept the// touch event!return true;}// If the user has dragged her finger horizontally more than// the touch slop, start the scroll// left as an exercise for the readerfinal int xDiff = calculateDistanceX(ev);// Touch slop should be calculated using ViewConfiguration// constants.if (xDiff > mTouchSlop) {// Start scrolling!mIsScrolling = true;return true;}break;}...}// In general, we don't want to intercept touch events. They should be// handled by the child view.return false;}@Overridepublic boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {// Here we actually handle the touch event (e.g. if the action is ACTION_MOVE,// scroll this container).// This method will only be called if the touch event was intercepted in// onInterceptTouchEvent...}}
注意ViewGroup也提供了requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()方法。当子view不想该父view和祖先view通过onInterceptTouchEvent()截获它的触摸事件时,可调用ViewGroup的该方法。
使用ViewConfiguration的常量
上面的代码段中使用了当前的ViewConfiguration来初始化mTouchSlop变量。我们可以使用ViewConfiguration类来获取Android系统常用的一些距离、速度、时间值。
“Touch slop”是指在被识别为移动的手势前,用户触摸可移动的那一段像素距离。Touch slop通常用来预防用户在做一些其他触摸操作时,出现意外地滑动,例如触摸屏幕上的组件。
另外两个常用的ViewConfiguration函数是getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity()和getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity()。这两个函数会返回初始化一个快速滑动(fling)的最小、最大速度(分别地),以像素每秒为测量单位。如:
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());private int mSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();private int mMinFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity();private int mMaxFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity();...case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {...float deltaX = motionEvent.getRawX() - mDownX;if (Math.abs(deltaX) > mSlop) {// A swipe occurred, do something}...case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {...} if (mMinFlingVelocity <= velocityX && velocityX <= mMaxFlingVelocity&& velocityY < velocityX) {// The criteria have been satisfied, do something}}
扩展子view的可触摸区域
Android提供了TouchDelegate类,让父view扩展超出子view自身边界的可触摸区域。这在当子view很小,但需要一个更大的触摸区域时非常有用。如果需要,我们也可以使用这种方式来实现对子view的触摸区域的收缩。
在下面的例子中,ImageButton对象是所谓的”delegate view”(是指触摸区域将被父view扩展的那个子view)。这是布局文件:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/parent_layout"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity" ><ImageButton android:id="@+id/button"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:background="@null"android:src="@drawable/icon" /></RelativeLayout>
下面的代码段做了这样几件事:
- 获得父view对象并发送一个Runnable到UI线程。这会确保父view在调用getHitRect()函数前会布局它的子view。
getHitRect()函数会获得子view在父view坐标系中的点击矩形(触摸区域)。 - 找到ImageButton子view,然后调用
getHitRect()来获得它的触摸区域的边界。 - 扩展ImageButton的点击矩形的边界。
- 实例化一个TouchDelegate对象,并把扩展过的点击矩形和ImageButton子view作为参数传递给它。
- 设置父view的TouchDelegate,这样在touch delegate边界内的点击就会传递到该子view上。
在ImageButton子view的touch delegate范围内,父view会接收到所有的触摸事件。如果触摸事件发生在子view自身的点击矩形中,父view会把触摸事件交给子view处理。
public class MainActivity extends Activity {@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);// Get the parent viewView parentView = findViewById(R.id.parent_layout);parentView.post(new Runnable() {// Post in the parent's message queue to make sure the parent// lays out its children before you call getHitRect()@Overridepublic void run() {// The bounds for the delegate view (an ImageButton// in this example)Rect delegateArea = new Rect();ImageButton myButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button);myButton.setEnabled(true);myButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Touch occurred within ImageButton touch region.",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}});// The hit rectangle for the ImageButtonmyButton.getHitRect(delegateArea);// Extend the touch area of the ImageButton beyond its bounds// on the right and bottom.delegateArea.right += 100;delegateArea.bottom += 100;// Instantiate a TouchDelegate.// "delegateArea" is the bounds in local coordinates of// the containing view to be mapped to the delegate view.// "myButton" is the child view that should receive motion// events.TouchDelegate touchDelegate = new TouchDelegate(delegateArea,myButton);// Sets the TouchDelegate on the parent view, such that touches// within the touch delegate bounds are routed to the child.if (View.class.isInstance(myButton.getParent())) {((View) myButton.getParent()).setTouchDelegate(touchDelegate);}}});}}
