使用 fdisk /dev/vdb 进入磁盘设备进行操作, 可以进行分区、保存分区表、打印分区表等等操作

  1. $ fdisk /dev/vdb
  2. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
  4. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
  5. Be careful before using the write command.
  7. Device does not contain a recognized partition table
  8. Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x11171dc8.

以下是一些常用的命令:

  • m 打开帮助
  • n 添加新分区
  • p 打印分区表
  • w 保存分区表并退出
  • q 不保存分区表并退出
  • l 列出所有支持的分区格式

获取帮助 (m)

  1. Command (m for help): m
  2. Command action
  3.    a   toggle a bootable flag
  4.    b   edit bsd disklabel
  5.    c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  6.    d   delete a partition
  7.    g   create a new empty GPT partition table
  8.    G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
  9.    l   list known partition types
  10.    m   print this menu
  11.    n   add a new partition
  12.    o   create a new empty DOS partition table
  13.    p   print the partition table
  14.    q   quit without saving changes
  15.    s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
  16.    t   change a partition's system id
  17.    u   change display/entry units
  18.    v   verify the partition table
  19.    w   write table to disk and exit
  20.    x   extra functionality (experts only)

列出所有支持的分区格式 (l)

  1. Command (m for help): l
  3.  0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
  4.  1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
  5.  2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
  6.  3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
  7.  4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
  8.  5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
  9.  6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
  10.  7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
  11.  8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
  12.  9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
  13.  a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
  14.  b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
  15.  c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
  16.  e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
  17.  f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
  18. 10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
  19. 11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
  20. 12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
  21. 14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
  22. 16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
  23. 17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
  24. 18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
  25. 1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
  26. 1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
  27. 1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix

创建新分区 (n)

  • Partition type 分区类型 (直接回车就好)
    • p: 主分区
    • e: 扩展分区
  • Partition number 分区序号 (直接回车就好)
  • First sector 起始扇区 (直接回车就好)
  • Last sector 分区大小, 输入 +100G 表示为此分区分配 100G 的空间
  1. Command (m for help): n
  2. Partition type:
  3.    p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
  4.    e   extended
  5. Select (default p):
  6. Using default response p
  7. Partition number (1-4, default 1):
  8. First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
  9. Using default value 2048
  10. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999): +100G
  11. Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

多次输入 n 命令, 可对磁盘进行多个分区划分

打印分区表 (p)

创建完分区后, 使用 p 命令打印分区表

  1. Command (m for help): p
  3. Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
  4. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  5. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  6. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  7. Disk label type: dos
  8. Disk identifier: 0x11171dc8
  10.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  11. /dev/vdb1            2048   209717247   104857600   83  Linux
  12. /dev/vdb2       209717248   419432447   104857600   83  Linux
  13. /dev/vdb3       419432448   629147647   104857600   83  Linux
  14. /dev/vdb4       629149696  1048575999   209713152   83  Linux

保存分区表 (w)

使用 w 命令对已划分的分区表进行保存

  1. Command (m for help): w
  2. The partition table has been altered!
  4. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  5. Syncing disks.

查看新的磁盘设备

创建完分区表并退出后, 使用 ls /dev/vdb* 可以看到, 已划分的4个分区都已出现

  1. $ ls /dev/vdb*
  2. /dev/vdb  /dev/vdb1  /dev/vdb2  /dev/vdb3  /dev/vdb4

再次使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盘信息

  1. fdisk -l
  3. Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
  4. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  5. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  6. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  7. Disk label type: dos
  8. Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a
  10.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  11. /dev/vda1   *        2048    83884031    41940992   83  Linux
  13. Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
  14. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  15. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  16. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  17. Disk label type: dos
  18. Disk identifier: 0x11171dc8
  20.    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  21. /dev/vdb1            2048   209717247   104857600   83  Linux
  22. /dev/vdb2       209717248   419432447   104857600   83  Linux
  23. /dev/vdb3       419432448   629147647   104857600   83  Linux
  24. /dev/vdb4       629149696  1048575999   209713152   83  Linux
  26. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_f08a5cd7b4e31c2b93f7d6c385860882-brick_3d7dc9f1e6346efc7361d0f4ec4ddf8c: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
  27. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  28. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  29. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
  32. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_f08a5cd7b4e31c2b93f7d6c385860882-brick_0027aec42ae3a4b5171cc7fddea50bc0: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
  33. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  34. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  35. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes

可以看到 /dev/vdb 的4个分区都已分配。

分区格式化

使用 mkfs 进行磁盘格式化, 通过 -t 选项指定文件系统的格式

  1. $ mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vdb1
  2. mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  3. Filesystem label=
  4. OS type: Linux
  5. Block size=4096 (log=2)
  6. Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
  7. Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
  8. 6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks
  9. 1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
  10. First data block=0
  11. Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
  12. 800 block groups
  13. 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
  14. 8192 inodes per group
  15. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
  16.     32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
  17.     4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
  19. Allocating group tables: done
  20. Writing inode tables: done
  21. Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
  22. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
  23. done