1. cat /etc/os-release
    2. # 查看ID对应的名称

    Debian：

    1. $ cat /etc/os-release
    2. PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
    3. NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
    4. VERSION_ID="10"
    5. VERSION="10 (buster)"
    6. VERSION_CODENAME=buster
    7. ID=debian
    8. HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
    9. SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
    10. BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

    Ubuntu：

    1. $ cat /etc/os-release
    2. NAME="Ubuntu"
    3. VERSION="16.04.6 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
    4. ID=ubuntu
    5. ID_LIKE=debian
    6. PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS"
    7. VERSION_ID="16.04"
    8. HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
    9. SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
    10. BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
    11. VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
    12. UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial

    Centos：

    $ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"  
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"