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expect是一个自动化交互套件，主要应用于执行命令和程序时，系统以交互形式要求输入指定字符串，实现交互通信。
expect自动交互流程：
spawn启动指定进程—-expect获取指定关键字—-send向指定程序发送指定字符—-执行完成退出.
注意该脚本能够执行的前提是安装了expect

  1. yum install -y expect

expect常用命令总结:

  1. spawn               交互程序开始后面跟命令或者指定程序
  2. expect              获取匹配信息匹配成功则执行expect后面的程序动作
  3. send exp_send       用于发送指定的字符串信息
  4. exp_continue        在expect中多次匹配就需要用到
  5. send_user           用来打印输出 相当于shell中的echo
  6. exit                退出expect脚本
  7. eof                 expect执行结束 退出
  8. set                 定义变量
  9. puts                输出变量
  10. set timeout         设置超时时间

注：shell脚本文件第一行必须带上#!/usr/bin/expect。否则将会报错
示例：
1.ssh登录远程主机执行命令,执行方法 expect 1.sh 或者 ./1.sh
# vim 1.sh 

  1. #!/usr/bin/expect
  3. spawn ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th
  4. expect "*password"
  5. send "123456\n"
  6. expect eof
  1. ssh远程登录主机执行命令，在shell脚本中执行expect命令,执行方法sh 2.sh、bash 2.sh 或./2.sh都可以执行. ```bash

    !/bin/bash

passwd=’123456’

/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF

set time 30 spawn ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th expect { “yes/no” { send “yes\r”; exp_continue } “password:” { send “$passwd\r” } } expect eof EOF

  1. 3.expect执行多条命令
  2. ```bash
  3. #!/usr/bin/expect -f
  5. set timeout 10
  7. spawn sudo su - root
  8. expect "*password*"
  9. send "123456\r"
  10. expect "#*"
  11. send "ls\r"
  12. expect "#*"
  13. send "df -Th\r"
  14. send "exit\r"
  15. expect eof
  1. 创建ssh key，将id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件分发到各台主机上面。 ```bash 1.创建主机配置文件

[root@localhost script]# cat host 192.168.1.10 root 123456 192.168.1.20 root 123456 192.168.1.30 root 123456

[root@localhost script]# ls copykey.sh hosts 2.编写copykey.sh脚本,自动生成密钥并分发key. [root@localhost script]# vim copykey.sh

!/bin/bash

判断id_rsa密钥文件是否存在

if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then ssh-keygen -t rsa -P “” -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa else echo “id_rsa has created …” fi

分发到各个节点,这里分发到host文件中的主机中.

while read line do user=echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2 ip=echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1 passwd=echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3

expect <<EOF
  set timeout 10
  spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip
  expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
    "password" { send "$passwd\n" }
  }
 expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" }

EOF done < hosts

 5. shell调用expect执行多行命令.
```bash
#!/bin/bash 
ip=$1  
user=$2 
password=$3 

expect <<EOF  
    set timeout 10 
    spawn ssh $user@$ip 
    expect { 
        "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } 
        "password" { send "$password\n" }
    } 
    expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } 
    expect "]#" { send "touch /tmp/test.txt\n" } 
    expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof 
 EOF  
 #./ssh5.sh 192.168.1.10 root 123456

6.使用普通用户登录远程主机，并通过sudo到root权限，通过for循环批量在远程主机执行命令.

$ cat timeout_login.txt 
10.0.1.8
10.0.1.34
10.0.1.88
10.0.1.76
10.0.1.2
10.0.1.3

#!/bin/bash

for i in `cat /home/admin/timeout_login.txt`
do

    /usr/bin/expect << EOF
    spawn /usr/bin/ssh -t -p 22022 admin@$i "sudo su -"

    expect {
        "yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
    }   

    expect {
        "password:" { send "xxo1#qaz\r" }
    }

    expect {
        "*password*:" { send "xx1#qaz\r" }
    }

    expect "*]#"
    send "df -Th\r"
    expect "*]#"
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof

EOF
done

密码过期需要批量修改密码

#!/bin/bash

for i in `cat /root/soft/ip.txt`
do

    /usr/bin/expect << EOF
    spawn /usr/bin/ssh root@$i

    expect {
        "UNIX password" { send "Huawei@123\r" }
    }

    expect {
        "New password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
    }

   expect {
        "Retype new password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
    }

    expect "*]#"
    send "echo Huawei@123|passwd --stdin root\r"
    expect "*]#"
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof
EOF
done

参考文档：https://www.cnblogs.com/yxh168/p/9028122.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/lisenlin/p/9058557.html