MYSQL 数据库的介绍安装
    2.1 MySQL 5.7 二进制版本安装
    2.1.1 下载并上传软件至/opt
    2.1.2 解压软件

    cd /opt && \ tar xf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xzln -s /opt/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

    2.1.3 用户的创建处理原始环境

    rpm -qa |grep mariadb yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 -ygizip /etc/mysql.cnf yum install libaio-devel -yuseradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

    2.1.4 设置环境变量

    cat >>/etc/profile<<EOFexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATHEOF #加载环境变量source /etc/profile #checkmysql -Vmysql Ver 8.0.20 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

    2.1.5 授权
    mkdir -p /data/3306/datachown -R mysql. /data

    2.1.6 准备配置文件
    cat >/etc/my.cnf<<’EOF’[mysqld]user=mysqlbasedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/data/3306/datasocket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql]socket=/tmp/mysql.sock EOF

    *2.1 7 初始化数据（创建系统数据）
    （适用于mysql 5.7 8.0）
    1.初始化方式： [root@db01 ~]# mysqld —initialize-insecure —user=mysql —basedir=/usr/local/mysql —datadir=/data/3306/data 2.报错:2.1报错信息1 mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory2.1.1解决： [root@db01 ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel2.2报错信息22020-12-14T10:25:50.587761Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] —initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.2.2.1解决： 数据目录非空， 初始化会报错。 （执行第二遍数据库时，数据目录下非空，不能初始化，需要将数据目录清空） [root@db01 /data/mysql/data]# \rm -rf /data/3306/data/*[root@db01 ~]# mysqld —initialize-insecure —user=mysql —basedir=/application/mysql —datadir=/data/mysql/data3.正确的输出: [root@db01 ~]# mysqld —initialize —user=mysql —basedir=/application/mysql —datadir=/data/mysql/data2019-06-13T04:21:27.706564Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: =mrV)_16is4U 5.6- 初始化方式/usr/local/usr/local/mysql_install_db

    2.1.8 准备启动脚本
    #方式一加入servcie启动[root@db01 ]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld/etc/init.d/mysqld start|stop|restart 或 service mysqld restart #方式二配置systemd启动[root@db01 ]# systemctl enable mysqld #能将service启动方式 一键加systemctl启动（还有开机自启动能能）#或者手动配置cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld —defaults-file=/etc/my.cnfLimitNOFILE = 5000EOF

    2.1.9 启动错误
    5.1 without updating PID 类似错误#查看日志： 在哪？ /data/mysql/data/主机名.err [ERROR] 上下文 #可能情况：-/etc/my.cnf 配置文件错误-/tmp/mysql.sock文件修改过 或 删除过 数据目录权限不是mysql 参数改错了 Warning: mysqld.service changed on disk. Run ‘systemctl daemon-reload’ to reload units.

    2.1.10 初次设定密码
    mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456

    2.1.11 管理员用户-root密码忘记了？
    1. 关闭数据库： 使用 systemctl stop mysqld 或 service mysqld stop 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld stop或 mysql> shutdown 或 mysqladmin -u -p shutdown 2. 使用安全模式启动： [root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe —skip-grant-tables —skip-networking & #只允许本地无密码登录 [1] 4004[root@db01 ~]# 2020-09-24T09:45:25.485161Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/data/mysql/data/db01.err’.2020-09-24T09:45:25.521325Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/data——————————#或者service mysqld start —skip-grant-tables —skip-networking——————————-3. 打开新窗口： 执行 mysql> 4. 修改密码： mysql> flush privileges; #手动加载授权表Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> alter user root@’localhost’ identified by ‘123456’ ; #修改密码Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 5. 重启数据库到正常模式 [root@db01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

    2.2 编译安装（了解）
    2.2.1 下载并上传软件
    mkdir -p /server/toolscd /server/toolsmkdir /application

    2.2.2 安装依赖包
    yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel#（5）安装cmakeyum install cmake –y

    2.2.3 环境清理
    rpm -qa |grep mariadb yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 -y

    2.2.4 创建用户
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

    2.2.5 编译安装
    tar xf mysql-5.6.39.tar.gzcd mysql-5.6.39 cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.39 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.39/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.39/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0make && make install

    2.2.6 配置并启动
    （1）制作软连接：ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.39/ /application/mysql （2）拷贝配置文件到/etc:cp support-files/my*.cnf /etc/my.cnf （3）初始化数据库： /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db —basedir=/application/mysql/ —datadir=/application/mysql/data —user=mysql （4）创建关键目录并设置权限:mkdir -p /application/mysql/tmpchown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ （5）复制启动脚本到/etc/init.d/mysqldcp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 授权 chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld #################################### centos6 开机自启动 chkconfig mysqld on chkconfig —list mysqld centos7 systemctl enable mysqld.service systemctl is-enabled mysqld.service ########################################### （6）启动数据库 /etc/init.d/mysqld startnetstat -lntup|grep 330 （7）配置环境变量echo ‘PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH’ >>/etc/profile tail -1 /etc/profilesource /etc/profileecho $PATH mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;

    *2.3 面试题

    2.3.1 MySQL 有哪些安装方式？
    Centos: rpm(yum)、二进制、源码。

    2.3.2 MySQL 5.6 、 5.7 安装过程有什么区别？
    初始化5.6 /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db —basedir=/application/mysql/ —datadir=/application/mysql/data —user=mysql5.7 8.0 mysqld —initialize —user=mysql —basedir=/application/mysql —datadir=/data/mysql/data