Learn 学习

  • Learning with SuperMemo is based on repetition (see:why).
  • 用SuperMemo学习是基于{重复}的（见:原因）

  • The button Learn (bottom-left in the picture) makes it possible to learn the material stored in SuperMemo.
  • 按钮“{Learn} ”使得{学习}存储在SuperMemo中的{材料}成为可能。（图片左下角）

1. Repetition cycle 重复周期

  • When you press Learn, SuperMemo will ask you to make repetitions (i.e. review due material).
  • 当你按下Learn键时，SuperMemo会要求你进行{重复}练习（即复习到期的材料）。

  • In each repetition you will do the following:
  • 在每一次重复中，你将做以下工作：

  • 1.Look at the question and try to answer it (mentally or verbally)
  • 1.看着{问题}，并尝试{回答}它（{精神}上或{口头}上的）

  • 2.Choose Show answer (at the bottom of the screen) to see the correct answer
  • 2.选择 “Show answe”以查看{正确答案}（在屏幕底部）

  • 3.Compare your response (from Step 1) with the answer displayed on the screen (in Step 2)
  • 3.将你的{回答}（来自步骤1）与屏幕上显示的{答案}（在步骤2）进行{比较}

  • 4.Choose a grade that will reflect the accuracy of your response (e.g. Good, Fail, etc.) (see: grade descriptions)
  • 4.选择一个能反映你回答的准确性的{成绩}（例如：好、不合格等）（见：Grading tips 成绩提示）

  • 5.Choose Next repetition to continue (and go back to Step 1)
  • 5.选择 “下一次{重复} “继续（并回到步骤1）

2. Grades 成绩

supermemo中的成绩指的是{回忆}的效率成绩

  • The grades are defined as follows (keyboard shortcuts in parentheses):
  • 成绩的定义如下（括号内为键盘快捷键）

  • REMEMBERING
  • 记住：3、4、5
  • FORGETTING
  • 遗忘：0、1、2

  • Great (press 5)excellent response
  • 优秀（按钮5）很快想到正确答案

  • Good (press 4)correct response provided with some hesitation
  • 良好（按钮4）犹豫中想起正确答案

  • Pass (press 3)answer recalled with difficulty; perhaps, slightly incorrect
  • 合格（按钮3）勉强回忆起答案，也可能回答不正确

  • Fail (press 2)wrong response that makes you say I knew it!
  • 不合格（按2）错误的反应让你说我知道

  • Bad (press 1)wrong response; the correct answer seems to be familiar
  • 不好（按1）错误的回答，正确答案似乎很熟悉

  • Null (press 0)complete blackout; you do not even recall ever knowing the answer.
  • 无（按0）完全忘记。你甚至不记得曾经知道这个答案

  • If you stick to the rules of SuperMemo, you should rarely or never need this grade.
  • 如果你坚持遵守SuperMemo的规则，你应该很少或永远不需要这个成绩。

  • This is why it is not displayed on the standard grade panel. To issue that grade, use the keyboard.
  • 这就是为什么它不显示在标准成绩面板上的原因。要发布这个成绩，请使用键盘。

2.1 Grading tips 成绩提示

  • Important! You only have to understand the difference between Pass and Fail!
  • 重要的是! 你只需要了解通过和失败之间的区别

  • Pass and more means remembering!
  • {合格}和更多意味着{记住}了

  • Fail and less means forgetting!
  • {不合格}和较少意味着{忘记}

  • your grading will work as long as you always grade yourself consistently and clearly differentiate between Pass and Fail.
  • 只要你始终坚持给自己打分，明确区分{合格}和{不合格}，你的评分就能发挥作用

  • Over time, you will develop strong habits that will help you select grades automatically without much thinking
  • 随着时间的推移，你将养成强大的习惯，帮助你{自动}选择等级，而不需要多加思考

  • instead of clicking a grade button you can just press a keyboard shortcut (e.g. 5 to choose Great or 2 to choose Fail)
  • 你可以直接按下键盘上的快捷键，而不是点击成绩按钮（例如，5选择 “优秀 “或2选择 “不合格”）。

3. Regular repetitions are the key to success with SuperMemo 定期重复是SuperMemo成功的关键

  • In SuperMemo you first memorize the material and then review it when the program asks you to do so.
  • 在SuperMemo中，你首先{记住材料}，然后在程序要求你{复习}的时候{复习}。

  • You memorize new material at your own pace but once it is memorized, you must make repetitions exactly as demanded by SuperMemo.
  • 你以自己的{节奏}来{记忆}新的材料，但一旦记住了，你必须完全按照SuperMemo的要求进行{重复}。

  • This is not a limitation of the program. This is a limitation of human memory!
  • 这不是程序的限制。这是人的{记忆力}的限制!

  • The power of SuperMemo is in providing the best timing for repetitions.
  • SuperMemo的强大之处在于为{重复}提供{最佳时机}。

  • Optimally, you should work with SuperMemo every day!
  • 最理想的情况是，你应该每天都用SuperMemo{工作}!

  • This way you will not accumulate outstanding material and you will not deviate from the optimum schedule of repetitions!
  • 这样，你就不会积累未完成的材料，也不会偏离最佳的重复时间！你的重复应该每天进行，直到你完成了任务。

  • Your repetitions should proceed daily until the following equivalent conditions are met:
  • 你的重复工作应该每天进行，直到满足以下的同等条件

  • 1.you see the message: Nothing more to learn
  • 1.你看到了这个信息。没有什么可学的了

  • 2.Outstanding equals to 0+0 in the Statistics window (or simply 0)
  • 2.在统计窗口中，未完成的内容等于0+0（或直接等于0）。

  • 3.the second field of the status bar displays (0+0)/x, for example: (0+0)/23 (or simply 0)
  • 3.状态栏的第二个字段显示（0+0）/x，例如。(0+0)/23 (或直接为0)

  • 4.the progress bar on the status bar becomes blue (or is inactive)
  • 4.状态栏上的进度条变成蓝色（或不活动）。

3.1 Learning stages, 学习阶段

  • Each day, your learning will proceed in three stages:
  • 每一天，你的学习将分三个阶段进行

  • 1.Repetitions - reviewing material that has been memorized earlier (to make sure you do not forget it)
  • 1.{重复}—复习以前背过的材料（以确保你不会忘记它）

  • 2.Memorizing - if you have time, you can memorize new material by answering Yes to Do you want to learn new material? (this message is suppressed until you memorize your first 100 elements)
  • 2.{背诵}—如果你有时间，你可以通过回答 “你想学习新材料吗 “来背诵新材料。这个信息会被压制，直到你背完前100个元素为止)

  • 3.Final drill - reviewing material that caused most problems in the first two stages of learning (Skip final drill must be unchecked in Toolkit : Options : Learning)
  • 3.{最后演练}—复习在前两个阶段的学习中引起最多问题的材料（跳过最后演练必须在工具包：选项：学习中取消勾选）。

4. Incremental learning 渐进式学习

  • Once you master the above basic learning process, you should consider learning about incremental learning.
  • 一旦你掌握了上述{基本}的{学习过程}，你应该考虑学习{渐进式学习}。

  • The main differences between classical SuperMemo, as described above, and incremental learning:
  • 上述经典的SuperMemo和渐进式学习之间的主要区别：

  • 1.less typing, higher learning speed
  • 1.{打字}少，{学习速度}高

  • 2.reading new articles or watching new videos may be interleaved with standard repetitions (as described above)
  • 2.{阅读}新的文章或{观看}新的视频可以与标准的重复练习{交错}进行（如上所述）。

  • 3.the role of Memorizing and Final drill stages is diminished. All material is memorized by default and your work is more mnemonic. This requires far less drilling
  • 3.背诵和最后演练阶段的作用被削弱了。所有的材料都是{默认背诵}的，你的{工作}更多是{记忆性}的。这就需要更少的练习

  • 4.with the help of the priority queue, you can add far more material to your collection than you can possibly review. This is why, in incremental reading, you will often still have lots of lower priority outstanding material in the queue at the end of the day
  • 4.在优先级队列的帮助下，你可以在你的收藏中添加远多于你可能复习的材料。这就是为什么在渐进式阅读中，你往往在一天结束时，队列中仍有很多优先级较低的未完成材料的原因

  • As incremental learning is rather complex, you should first sense the power of SuperMemo by mastering the basic learning process as described on this page.
  • 由于渐进式学习相当复杂，你应该首先通过掌握本页所述的基本学习过程来感受SuperMemo的力量。

5. Further reading 进一步阅读