1 环境介绍

系统：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
MySQL：MySQL 5.7.37

2 安装方式

在Linux 上安装 MySQL 的种方式：

  1. 命令行在线安装
  2. 对应发行版格式包文件离线安装
    1. Red Hat系Linux

image.png

  1. Debian 系Linux
    1. Linux 通用二进制文件安装

image.png
本文所介绍的是第 2 种安装方式：使用红帽系CentOS发行版的.rpm文件进行离线安装。

3 下载MySQL

  1. 打开官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
  2. 选择操作系统和操作系统版本

**Select Operating System：**Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux
**Select OS Version：**Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)

  1. 选择RMP Bundle进行下载（mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar）。

    4 安装MySQL

    4.1 安装前准备

  2. （可选）如果系统之前安装过MySQL，要确保之前安装的MySQL已经完全删除，并且确保旧版本的数据文件、配置文件(/etc/my.cfg、/etc/mysql目录)已经删除，否则再次安装有可能会失败。 ```bash

    查看CentOS系统是否已安装mysql

    [root@localhost /]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

删除历史MySQL的my.cfg配置文件

[root@localhost /]# rm /etc/my.cnf rm: cannot remove ‘/etc/my.cnf’: No such file or directory

删除历史MySQL的mysql文件夹

[root@localhost /]# rm -r /etc/mysql rm: cannot remove ‘/etc/mysql’: No such file or directory

检查mysql组和用户是否存在

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

若存在，删除

userdel mysql #删除 mysql用户 groupdel mysql #删除 mysql用户组

  2. 2. 移除`mariadb`
  3. ```bash
  4. [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa mariadb*
  5. mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
  7. [root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
  8. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  9. Resolving Dependencies
  10. --> Running transaction check
  11. ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be erased
  12. --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
  13. --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
  14. --> Running transaction check
  15. ---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be erased
  16. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  18. Dependencies Resolved
  20. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  21.  Package                                Arch                             Version                                     Repository                           Size
  22. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  23. Removing:
  24.  mariadb-libs                           x86_64                           1:5.5.68-1.el7                              @anaconda                           4.4 M
  25. Removing for dependencies:
  26.  postfix                                x86_64                           2:2.10.1-9.el7                              @anaconda                            12 M
  28. Transaction Summary
  29. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  30. Remove  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
  32. Installed size: 17 M
  33. Is this ok [y/N]: y
  34. Downloading packages:
  35. Running transaction check
  36. Running transaction test
  37. Transaction test succeeded
  38. Running transaction
  39.   Erasing    : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                                               1/2
  40.   Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          2/2
  41.   Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          1/2
  42.   Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                                               2/2
  44. Removed:
  45.   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
  47. Dependency Removed:
  48.   postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7
  50. Complete!
  51. [root@localhost ~]#

4.2 正式安装

注意：安装命令需要**root用户**或**具有sudo权限的用户**执行

4.2.1 上传文件到服务器

mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

4.2.2 解压上传的文件

  1. [root@localhost opt]# tar xf mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  2. [root@localhost opt]# ll
  3. total 1066212
  4. -rw-r--r--. 1 ser  ser   545894400 Jan 20 14:20 mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  5. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  26670472 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415    318884 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   4122424 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  8. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  47760004 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  9. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  23316972 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  10. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 132204460 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  11. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   2474780 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  12. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   1264836 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  13. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 182274360 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  14. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 125477564 Dec 16 10:03 mysql-community-test-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  15. [root@localhost opt]#

关于各个.rpm文件的说明：
RPM Packages for MySQL Community Edition

包名 说明
mysql-community-server 数据库服务器和相关工具
mysql-community-client MySQL 客户端应用程序和工具
mysql-community-common 服务器和客户端的公共库文件
mysql-community-devel MySQL 数据库客户端应用程序的开发头文件和库文件
mysql-community-libs MySQL 数据库客户端应用程序的共享库
mysql-community-libs-compat MySQL数据库客户端应用程序的共享兼容库
mysql-community-embedded MySQL 嵌入式库文件
mysql-community-embedded-devel MySQL 嵌入式库的开发头文件和库文件
mysql-community-test MySQL 服务器测试套件

4.2.3 离线安装.rpm文件

  1. [root@localhost opt]# ll
  2. total 1066212
  3. -rw-r--r--. 1 ser  ser   545894400 Jan 20 14:20 mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  4. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  26670472 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  5. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415    318884 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   4122424 Dec 16 10:01 mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  47760004 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  8. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  23316972 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  9. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 132204460 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  10. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   2474780 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  11. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   1264836 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  12. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 182274360 Dec 16 10:02 mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  13. -rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 125477564 Dec 16 10:03 mysql-community-test-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  14. [root@localhost opt]# sudo yum install mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  15. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  16. Examining mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
  17. Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  18. Examining mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
  19. Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  20. Examining mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
  21. Marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  22. Examining mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
  23. Marking mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  24. Examining mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
  25. Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  26. Resolving Dependencies
  27. --> Running transaction check
  28. ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7 will be installed
  29. ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7 will be installed
  30. ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7 will be installed
  31. ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7 will be installed
  32. ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7 will be installed
  33. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  35. Dependencies Resolved
  37. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  38.  Package                                  Arch                Version                      Repository                                                     Size
  39. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  40. Installing:
  41.  mysql-community-client                   x86_64              5.7.37-1.el7                 /mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                   102 M
  42.  mysql-community-common                   x86_64              5.7.37-1.el7                 /mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                   2.8 M
  43.  mysql-community-libs                     x86_64              5.7.37-1.el7                 /mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                     9.5 M
  44.  mysql-community-libs-compat              x86_64              5.7.37-1.el7                 /mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64              6.0 M
  45.  mysql-community-server                   x86_64              5.7.37-1.el7                 /mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                   764 M
  47. Transaction Summary
  48. ===============================================================================================================================================================
  49. Install  5 Packages
  51. Total size: 884 M
  52. Installed size: 884 M
  53. Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
  54. Downloading packages:
  55. Running transaction check
  56. Running transaction test
  57. Transaction test succeeded
  58. Running transaction
  59.   Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  1/5
  60.   Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                    2/5
  61.   Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  3/5
  62.   Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  4/5
  63.   Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             5/5
  64.   Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  1/5
  65.   Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                    2/5
  66.   Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  3/5
  67.   Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             4/5
  68.   Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                  5/5
  70. Installed:
  71.   mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7            mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7       mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7
  72.   mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7       mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.37-1.el7
  74. Complete!
  75. [root@localhost opt]#

注意：版本5.7.37以.rpm方式安装后会创建 /etc/my.cnf 文件。老旧的版本在安装后可能会创建 /usr/my.cnf 文件，强烈建议安装后检查是否有该文件。如果有的话，将它迁移到 /etc/my.cnf 然后删除 /usr/my.cnf。

4.2.4 启动并登录MySQL

  1. MySQL 安装完成后并不会自动启动，使用以下命令启动

    1. [root@localhost opt]# service mysqld start
    2. Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
    3. [root@localhost opt]#

  2. 启动完成后，超级管理员 root 账号被创建，使用以下命令查看 root 的初始化密码

    1. [root@localhost opt]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
    2. 2022-01-20T07:30:03.825755Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1fYrNW)Itxfq
    3. [root@localhost opt]#

  3. 登录root用户

    1. [root@localhost opt]# mysql -u root -p
    2. Enter password:

  4. 修改root密码

    1. mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'MyNewPassword!';
    2. ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

    ERROR 1819 (HY000) 原因：MySQL 5.7.37 默认启用了validate_password插件，该插件会校验密码强度，修改密码时校验不通过就会报ERR0R 1819 (HY00)。
    对安全性要求高的环境，建议设置高强度的密码。
    对于个人学习使用(无重要资料)，密码校验太麻烦了，可以在/etc/my.conf配置文件中将密码校验插件关闭：

    1. # /etc/my.conf
    2. # 配置修改后需重启MySQL服务
    3. [mysqld]
    4. # other config...
    5. validate_password=OFF

    4.2.5 允许root远程登录

    仅自己学习使用 ```bash [root@localhost opt]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

mysql> SELECT User, Password, Host FROM user; ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed mysql> select user, host from user; +———————-+—————-+ | user | host | +———————-+—————-+ | mysql.session | localhost | | mysql.sys | localhost | | root | localhost | +———————-+—————-+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@’%’ identified by ‘123456’ with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user, host from user; +———————-+—————-+ | user | host | +———————-+—————-+ | root | % | | mysql.session | localhost | | mysql.sys | localhost | | root | localhost | +———————-+—————-+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit Bye [root@localhost opt]#

```

5 参考链接

  1. 【CentOS7安装MySQL的几种方法】：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43928088/article/details/107383077
  2. 【Mysql 5.7 中如何禁用 密码检测插件(validate password plugin)】：https://blog.csdn.net/rainbow702/article/details/58128914
  3. 【2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle】：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/linux-installation-rpm.html