一、词类

在英语中给单词分为以下几类：

小记：
1.代名词也是名词，不过从名词中给细分出来了
2.用在名词前的代词可以视为形容词。
例：This is Helen’s room.（单独指代，为（代）名词)
This **room is mine. (在名词room前，视为adj.)
3.同一个单词可以被划分在多个词类中
例：after 可作 介词、连词、副词、形容词
4.不同词类有一些常见的词尾，不作说明了，多阅读就知道了。

二、句子

1.句子的成份

• 主语：这句话的焦点
• 谓语：是一个动词
• 宾语：动作的另一方
• 表语：就是一个搭配无法单独存在动词的东西
• 定语：就修饰名词的那一坨

例：Her hospital isn’t very big.
But everyone in the hospital works hard.

• 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词的那一坨

例：She goes to work very early.(在修饰动词，very修饰副词)
She feels very happy.(在修饰形容词)

2.句子的种类

从说话目的上的分类

1.陈述句：

Beijing is the capital of China. She may be right.

2.问句：

Where are you from?
a.一般问句
Are you from China?——Yes,I am
Do you know Chinese?——No,I don’t.

b.特殊问句（由疑问词开头）
Where hvae you been?
How do you like the weather here?

c.反意问句

3.祈使句

Don’t be late again.
Take a seat , please.
Take care!

4.感叹句

What a nice view from this window!
How silly you are!

从结构上的分类

1.简单句——句子成份都由单词或短语担任，只有一个主谓结构

We love our life.

2.并列句——句子成份都由单词或短语担任，有一个以上互不依从的主谓

Honey is sweet , but the bee sings.
Don’t swear , for I dislike swearing.

3.复合句——有从句担任句子成份

Do you see what I mean? ( 从句作宾语)
Come again when you’re free.( 从句作状语)

什么是短语和从句？

短语可作句子中的许多成分，常见的短语有：

• 动词短语：What have you been doing? We had better go there by boat.
• 不定式短语（由to开头）：It’s time to go to bed. She loved to play th piano.
• 动名词短语：His major interest is painting pictures.
• 分词短语：There’s a freeway connecting the two cities.
• 介词短语：The boys went swimming in the river. Who are you talking to on the phone?
• 名词短语：Thanks a lot. Wait a minute.

有些成份由有着主谓结构的句子来担任，就为从句：

• that引导的从句，称为that从句

I admitted that I’d been wrong.
I’m sorry (that) I’m late.

• 连接代词或副词引导的从句，可称为wh从句，因为引导词多由wh-开头。

Do you know who he is?
He wasn’t sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.

• 关系代词型的what引导的从句

That’s waht I want to know.
Wirte down what you want to say.

• 由各种连词引导的从句：

Send me a postcard when you get there.
You may stay with us if you like.

• 由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，叫关系从句或定语从句。

The girl who won the prize is my cousin.
That’s the town where I was born.