初试dockerfile

docker的commit镜像中我使用了方式一，现在使用dockerfile来构建docker镜像的构建文件！通过命令脚本！

  • 方式二：通过命令脚本 ```shell

    创建一个dockerfile文件，命名为dockerfile01

脚本内容

FROM centos

VOLUME [“volume01”,”volume02”]

CMD echo “——-end——-“

CMD /bin/bash

测试

[root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz docker-test-volume]# docker build -f /home/docker-test-volume/dockerfile01 -t wangzheng/centos:1.0 .

  1. ![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/21739648/1629429173836-a5593b06-e191-4d8c-8712-2acda2aa3ef9.png#align=left&display=inline&height=641&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=641&originWidth=1694&size=108969&status=done&style=none&width=1694)<br />![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/21739648/1629429305397-e4d6f727-30c4-4dab-b188-7b71f40da1b7.png#align=left&display=inline&height=81&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=81&originWidth=1521&size=17414&status=done&style=none&width=1521)<br />查看挂载卷位置：<br />![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/21739648/1629429676480-3d3cdfe4-418f-4d12-b622-fd4927ad0c10.png#align=left&display=inline&height=554&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=554&originWidth=1294&size=60835&status=done&style=none&width=1294)<br />我们 通常需要用这种方式来构建自己的解析，。。注意：如果用带有挂载盘的镜像，开启两个容器，两个挂在盘的位置不是同一个文件<br />如果构建镜像的时候没有挂载卷。我需要手动挂载 -v 卷名：容器内路径！！
  2. <a name="VZhvD"></a>
  3. ## 学习dockerfile
  4. dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的文件！这一过程通过命令参数脚本来实现，<br />构建步骤：<br />1、编写dockerfile文件<br />2、docker build 构建一个镜像<br />3、docker run 运行镜像<br />4、docker push 发布镜像（dockerhub、阿里云镜像仓库）
  5. <a name="8i1Rx"></a>
  6. ### dockerfile的构建过程
  8. - **基础知识**
  10. 1、每个指令必须大写<br />2、从上到下依次执行<br />3、# 表示注释<br />4、每个指令都会创建一个新的镜像层。
  12. - **步骤**
  14. 1、dockerfile 构建文件，源代码<br />2、dockerimage 最终的镜像文件、<br />3、docker容器，可运行的docker容器
  15. <a name="Q7jgY"></a>
  16. ### docker指令
  18. ```shell
  19. FROM                         # 基础镜像
  20. MAINTALNER            # 指明作者：名字+邮箱
  21. RUN                            # 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
  22. ADD                            # 步骤：Tomcat镜像    ，添加Tomcat这个压缩包
  23. COPY                        # 类似ADD，将我们的文件拷贝到构建的镜像中
  24. WORKDIR                    # 镜像工作目录
  25. VOLUME                    # 挂载目录
  26. EXPOSE                    # 暴露的端口
  27. CMD                            # 指定容器运行时，执行的指令，，，，注：只有最后一个才生效，可被代替
  28. ENTRYPOINT            # 指定容器运行时，执行的指令，，，，可追加命令
  29. ONBUILD                    # 当构建一个被继承 dockerfile 这个时候会运行ONBUILD 指令，触发指令
  30. ENV                            # 构建时设置环境变量

image.png
拓展：
CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别：
CMD：

  1. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# vi dockerfile-cmd
  3. # dockerfile内容
  4. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# cat dockerfile-cmd 
  5. FROM centos
  7. CMD ["ls","-a"]
  9. # 构建镜像
  10. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd -t mycentos:0.1 .
  11. Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
  12. Step 1/2 : FROM centos
  13.  ---> 300e315adb2f
  14. Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
  15.  ---> Running in b59ef77d6e78
  16. Removing intermediate container b59ef77d6e78
  17.  ---> c55ecb39944b
  18. Successfully built c55ecb39944b
  19. Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
  21. # 运行镜像，执行cmd
  22. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker run -it c55ecb39944b
  23. .   .dockerenv    dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin    sys  usr
  24. ..  bin        etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv    tmp  var
  26. # 追加参数，报错
  27. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker run -it c55ecb39944b -l
  28. docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
  30. # 追加命令。。原cmd失效
  31. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker run -it c55ecb39944b ls -l
  32. total 48
  33. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
  34. drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Aug 20 05:12 dev
  35. drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Aug 20 05:12 etc
  36. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
  37. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
  38. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
  39. drwx------   2 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
  40. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
  41. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
  42. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
  43. dr-xr-xr-x 121 root root    0 Aug 20 05:12 proc
  44. dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 root
  45. drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 run
  46. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
  47. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
  48. dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Aug 20 05:12 sys
  49. drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 tmp
  50. drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 usr
  51. drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 var

ENTERYPOINT：

  1. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# vi docker-enterypoint 
  2. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# cat docker-enterypoint 
  3. FROM centos
  4. ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
  6. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker build -f docker-enterypoint -t mycentos:0.1 .
  7. Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
  8. Step 1/2 : FROM centos
  9.  ---> 300e315adb2f
  10. Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
  11.  ---> Running in 1e268259b3da
  12. Removing intermediate container 1e268259b3da
  13.  ---> c1164bcef3f5
  14. Successfully built c1164bcef3f5
  15. Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
  16. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker run -it c1164bcef3f5
  17. .   .dockerenv    dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin    sys  usr
  18. ..  bin        etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv    tmp  var
  20. # 发现命令可以追加
  21. [root@izbp1g2kp3kgefvmrhy0moz mystudy]# docker run -it c1164bcef3f5 -l
  22. total 56
  23. drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Aug 20 05:23 .
  24. drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Aug 20 05:23 ..
  25. -rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 Aug 20 05:23 .dockerenv
  26. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
  27. drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Aug 20 05:23 dev
  28. drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Aug 20 05:23 etc
  29. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
  30. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
  31. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
  32. drwx------   2 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
  33. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
  34. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
  35. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
  36. dr-xr-xr-x 121 root root    0 Aug 20 05:23 proc
  37. dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 root
  38. drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 run
  39. lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
  40. drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
  41. dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Aug 20 05:23 sys
  42. drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 tmp
  43. drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 usr
  44. drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Dec  4  2020 var

实战测试：自己创建Tomcat镜像

1、准备镜像文件 Tomcat 压缩包，jdk的压缩包
下载好的两个压缩包

2、编写dockerfile 文件，官方命名：Dockerfile，build会自动寻找这个文件，不需要-f 指定

  1. FROM centos
  3. MAINTAINER wanghzeng<2021698104@qq.com>
  5. COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
  7. ADD jdk.. /usr/local
  8. ADD tomcat... /usr/local
  10. # 下载vim
  11. RUN yum -y install vim
  13. ENV MYPATH /usr/local
  14. WORKDIR $MYPATH
  16. # 配置环境变量
  17. ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk
  18. ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:JAAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
  19. ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat
  20. ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/tomcat
  21. ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
  23. # 暴露端口
  24. EXPOSE 8080
  26. # 运行Tomcat 并打印日志
  27. CMD /usr/local/tomcat/bin/staeruo.sh && tail -F /usr/local/tomcat/bin/logs/catalina.out

3、构建镜像

  1. docker build -t mytomcat

4、启动镜像

  1. docker run -it --name tomcat01 -p 8080:8080 -v /home/wangzheng/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test -v /home/wangzheng/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/tomcat/logs mytomcat

5、测试访问
6、发布项目

发布镜像

Docker Hub

  1. 1、登录
  2.      docker login -u 账号 -p 密码
  3. 2、提交镜像
  4.     docker push wangzheng/镜像名
  6.  # 可能出现的问题
  7.  尽量带上版本号

发阿里云镜像服务上

  1. 1. 登录阿里云Docker Registry
  3. $ docker login --username=tpt11fb registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
  5. 2. 从Registry中拉取镜像
  7. $ docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wangzheng-study/test:[镜像版本号]
  9. 3. 将镜像推送到Registry
  10. $ docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wangzheng-study/test:[镜像版本号]

image.png