import requests 导入requests库

1、基本信息

  1. 请求地址：url
  2. 协议状态码：status_code
  3. 请求头：headers
  4. 响应内容：text
  5. 二进制文件：content
  6. json格式响应文件：json()
  7. 编码：encoding
  8. cookies：cookies
  9. 请求响应时间：elapsed.total_seconds()
  10. json排序：json.dumps(r.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False)
  11. 认证证书：verify=True

2、拉勾网post请求

  1. headers = {'Cookie':'123456789',
  2.         'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36 Edg/86.0.622.61',
  3.           'referer':'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=',
  4.           'content-type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
  5. }
  6. params = {'needAddtionalResult':False}
  7. data={'first':False,'pn':2,'kd':'测试工程师'}
  8. r = requests.post(url='https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json',
  9.              headers=headers,
  10.              params=params,
  11.                   data=data)
  13. print(r.text)

3、data与json的区别

content-type’:’application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 and application/json——>发送的是json格式的字符串
data传输的是form表单数据，json传输的是json数据格式
json要满足两个条件：
1、application/json
2、请求参数必须是字典

4、超时处理

在请求中加上timeout

  1. r = requests.post(url='http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1/api/books',json=json,timeout=60)

5、复杂参数处理

  1. datas={'name':'super','age':18,'data':[{'address':'wuhan'},{'address':'hubei'}]}
  2. #先把列表反序列化成字符串
  3. datas['data']=json.dumps(datas['data'])

6、token与Sessioon处理

  1. 1、登录获取token
  2. def login(self):
  3.    data = {'username':'wuya','password':'asd888'}
  4.    r = requests.post(url='http://127.0.0.1:5000/auth',json=data)
  5.    return r.json()['access_token']
  6. 2、放入headers头中
  7. headers={'Authorization':'jwt {0}'.format(self.login())}
  8. #登录获取cookies
  9. def login(self):
  10.    data={'id':'admin','password':'AdJUrorlWKjshy+8ygM5KQ==','authtimeStamp':'1607350740336'}
  11.    headers={''}
  12.    r=requests.post(url='http://iotwedora.com/monitor/login',
  13.                    data=data,
  14.                    headers=headers)
  15.    return r.cookies
  16. #获取标题信息
  17. def title(self):
  18.    headers = {''}
  19.    r = requests.get(url ='http://iotwedora.com/monitor/device/manager/list-fields',
  20.                     headers=headers,
  21.                     cookies=self.login())        #重点
  22.    print(json.dumps(r.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False))

7、sessions会话对象

  1. import json
  2. import requests
  3. class Test():
  4.    #登录获取cookies
  5.    def login(self):
  6.       s = requests.Session()        #重点
  7.       data={'id':'admin','password':'AdJUrorlWKjshy+8ygM5KQ==','authtimeStamp':'1607350740336'}
  8.       headers={''}
  9.       r=s.post(url='http://iotwedora.com/monitor/login',
  10.                       data=data,
  11.                       headers=headers)
  12.       return s
  13.    #获取标题信息
  14.    def title(self):
  15.       headers = {''}
  16.       r = self.login().get(url ='http://iotwedora.com/monitor/device/manager/list-fields',
  17.                        headers=headers)
  18.       print(json.dumps(r.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False))
  19. if __name__ == '__main__':
  20.    r = Test()
  21.    r.title()

8、鉴权认证

  1. from requesta.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
  2. auth=('账户','密码')

9、文件上传

  1. files={'file':(文件名称,open(文件路径,'rb'),文件类型,{})}
  2. files={'file':('log.jpg',open('c:/log.jpg','rb'),'image/jpeg',{})}